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From Flashcardlet > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

0
Q

Why are the vital structures of the neck (thyroid, trachea, esophagus) more susceptible to harm than other vital structures of the body?

A

There is less bony protection in the neck

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1
Q

The skeleton of the neck is formed by these 4 bone structures:

A

Hyoid bone
Clavicles
Cervical vertebrae
Manubrium

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2
Q

The function of the hyoid bone is?

A

To prop the airway opened and to serve as an attachment to the muscle underneath.

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3
Q

What muscles does the hyoid bone attach to?

A

Mandible, styloid process, thyroid cartilage, manubrium and scapulae

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4
Q

What may determine the direction an infection spreads in the neck?

A

The fascial planes

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5
Q

Deep cervical fascia consists of 3 layers:

A

Investing

Pretracheal

Pre vertebral

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6
Q

Condensed atriums the common carotid artery and the IJ vein are the:

A

Alar fascia and the carotid sheath

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7
Q

Which is the most superficial fascia of the neck?

A

The investing fascia

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8
Q

Which fascia of the neck surrounds the entire neck and the SCM and trapezius muscles?

A

Investing fascia

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9
Q

Which fascia lies in the anterior portion of the neck and extends to the fibrous pericardium covering the heart?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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10
Q

The pre tracheal fascia covers what 3 vital structures of the neck?

A

Trachea, esophagus, and the thyroid

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11
Q

The pretracheal fascia blends into what other sheath?

A

The carotid sheath or the alar fascia.

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12
Q

What fascia provides a sheath surrounding the vertebral column and the muscles surrounding?

A

Pre vertebral fascia

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13
Q

Sympathetic trunks are embedded in this fascia and it is fixed with the cranial base

A

Prevertebral fascia

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14
Q

The carotid sheath/alar fascia blend with which other fascia? Are the anterior of posterior connections?

A

Anterior- investing and pretracheal

Posterior- prevetebtal

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15
Q

The carotid sheath contains these 5 structures within its lumen?

A
  1. The common and internal carotid arteries
  2. IJ
  3. Vagus Nerve
  4. Lymph nodes
  5. Carotid Sinus Nerve
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16
Q

The retro pharyngeal space is the largest and most important inter fascial space in the neck. Why is this?

A

It can determine the spread of infection.

If infection between investing and pretracheal it will stay in the manubrium

If infection between investing and visceral part of the pretracheal= thoracic cavity and pericardium

If infection posterior to prevetebtal will spread laterally to SCM infection

Abscess in retro pharyngeal space= dysphasia and dysarthria

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17
Q

What is the platysma? What innervates them?

A

A broad sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue or neck. They are inner after by CN 7

18
Q

The SCM has two heads. What are they?

A

The sternal head and the clavicular head

19
Q

What innervates the SCM muscle?

A

CN 11

20
Q

What cervical nerves maintain breathing?

A

The phrenic nerve.

C 3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive

21
Q

Where does the EJ vein terminate (or empty)

A

The subclavian vein

22
Q

Where does the EJ vein come from?

A

The posterior auricular vein and the retromandibular vein

23
Q

What is the carotid triangle and what is its significance?

A

The carotid triangle is where the common carotid branches into the IC and the EC arteries.

24
Q

Where do the right and left common carotid arteries begin?

A

Left: the arch of the aorta

Right: the bifercation of the brachiocephalic trunk

25
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

A dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery. It is a barorrceptor.

26
Q

What is a barorrceptor?

A

It senses pressure and reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure.

27
Q

What is the carotid sinus innervates by?

A

CN 9, 10 and the carotid sinus

28
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

An ovoid mass of tissue that is at the common carotid bifercation. It is a chemoreceptor.

29
Q

What is a chemoreceptor?

A

It monitors oxygen levels in the blood. When O2 is low it initiates a reflex that increases the rate and depth of respiration, cardiac rate, and BP

30
Q

What innervates the carotid body?

A

CN 9, 10, and the carotid sinus nerve

31
Q

The IJV drains blood from what 4 places?

A

Brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, deep muscle of the neck

32
Q

Most veins of the anterior cervical region are tributaries of what vein?

A

IJV

33
Q

Why is the right IJ preferable to left IJ for w central line?

A

It is straighter and larger

34
Q

If you are unsuccessful in your attempt to place w subclavian vein puncture what must you do?

A

Never try on the other side to ensure a pneumothorax was not created

35
Q

The neck viscera are divided into 3 layers:

A

The endocrine layer (thyroid and parathyroid) respiratory layer (larynx and trachea) and the alimentary layer (pharynx and esophagus)

36
Q

What gland is located on the anterior neck at the level of C5-T1?

A

The thyroid gland

37
Q

The thyroid gland releases what hormones?

A

Thyroid hormone for metabolism and calcitonin which controls calcium metabolism

38
Q

Most people have how many parathyroid glands?

A

4

39
Q

Like the thyroid, vasopressin action is controlled by the nerves but hormone function is controlled how?

A

By other endocrine glands

40
Q

The parathyroid gland controls the stimulation of what hormones?

A

Phosphorus and calcium metabolism by PTH

41
Q

This organ has two functions, it protects the airway during swallowing by acting as a valve and it contains the vocal ligaments and folds that create voice production

A

The larynx

42
Q

The larynx (laryngeal skeleton) consists of 9 cartilages. 3 single and 3 paired. What are they?

A

Single: thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic

Paired: artenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

From Flashcardlet (26 decks)

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