Cum Clauses Flashcards
Verbs of such cum clauses
Most often in the subjunctive, they follow sequence of tenses after main verb
Cum used as a subordinating conjunction means
“When, since, although”
temporal “cum” clause and
the “cum” clause refers strictly to time and its action is coordinated with that of the main verb
“cum” is translated as “when” (“at the very time”)
Circumstantial “cum” clause
the “cum” clause states the circumstances in which the action of the main verb takes place
“cum” is translated “when” (“under the circumstances of”)
Tenses of Circumstantial “cum” clause
present/future time= indicative is used
past time = subjunctive is used
cum to videbo, felix eram
(at the very time) when I see you, I shall be happy
temporal
Cum to videbo, felix ero
Under the circumstances of my seeing you, I shall be happy
when I see you, I shall be happy
(circumstantial)
When I saw you, I was happy
Cum to viderem, felix eram
circumstantial
Causal “cum” clause
“cum” is translated as “since” or “because”
verb is always in the subjunctive
Since I had seen you, I was happy
Cum to vidissem, felix eram
causal
Concessive “cum” clauses
cum translates as “although”
“tamen”(nevertheless) may alert a concessive “cum”
verbs always in the subjunctive
Although I see you, I am happy
Cum to videam, felix sum
concessive
Tenses for the verbs in primary and secondary sequence temporal circumstantial causal concessive
1) indicative 2) indicative
1) indicative 2) subjunctive
1) subjunctive 2) subjunctive
1) subjunctive 2) subjunctive
Coniuge veniente, femina discedet
with “cum”: When her husband comes, the woman will depart
Cum coniunx veniet, femina discedet
Coniuge veniente, femina discedet
with “cum”: since/although her husband is coming, the woman will depart
cum coniunx veniat, femina discedet
