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Micro > L7 > Flashcards

L7 Flashcards

1
Q

Defenses of mucosal surfaces

A

innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Nonspecific barrier defenses

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2
Q

Seven Fs

A 
Feces
Food
Fluid
Fingers
Flies
Fomites
Fornication
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3
Q

Lysozyme

A

Cleaves B 1,4 glycosidic linkages between NAG and NAM in Gram +

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4
Q

Lactoferrin

A

Bacteriostatic effects thru iron

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5
Q

Cathelicidin

A

Disrupts membranes of G+ and G-

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6
Q

Defensin
Alpha
Beta

A

creates pores in microbes
Alpha: neutrophils, paneth
Beta: epithelial cells

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7
Q

Macrophages recognize microbes via

A

pattern recognition receptors

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8
Q

Important inflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1
IL-8
TNF-alpha**

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9
Q

Negative side of inflammation

A

TNF-alpha can disrupt tight junctions between epithelial cells

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10
Q

How do pathogenic bacteria overcome innate barrier defenses

A 
Acid resistance
Fimbriae/pili
Bacterial structures
-capsule
-mechanism to neutralize phagocytic compartment
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11
Q

Densest clusters of lymph nodes are found near

A

mucosal tissues

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12
Q

Adaptive immune response is generated in

A

lymph nodes

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13
Q

Salmonella and Shigella are examples of

A

Invasive bacterial pathogens

Gram-

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14
Q

Invasive bacteria vs toxin producing

A 
Large vs small intestine
Small stool vs watery
Blood vs no blood
Leukocytes vs no leuko
Tissue ulcerations vs none
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15
Q

Shigella most common

A

S. sonnei

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16
Q

Shigella entry, spread, multiplication

A

Small inoculum size
Acid resistance when grown anaerobically
Multiply in colon

17
Q

Shigella invasion

A 
M cells enter:invasion plasmid antigens
Released into lamina
Injested by macrophages
IL 8, IL 1 degrade tight junctions
Epithelial cells injest bacteria
Bacteria travel from one cell to the next and lyse
18
Q

Intracellular spread facilitated by

A

IcsA: ATPase that causes actin polymerization

19
Q

A _____ develops when invaded cells die and slough off

A

Ulcer

20
Q

Shigella dysenteriae Type 1
Disease
Symptoms
Toxin

A

Different from the rest!
Gastroenteritis
Invasive diarrhea
Shiga Toxin

21
Q

Shiga Toxin

A

Kills intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells

Disrupts Na absorption

22
Q

Species of Salmonella

A

S. bongori

S enterica

23
Q

Gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella…

A

S. Typhimurium

S Enteritidis

24
Q

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella

A

S typhi

S paratyphi

25
Q

Salmonella spp invasion

A

Approach cell wall
Increase cellular Ca++
Causes surface ruffles which uptake microbes
Remain in vesicles for hours (unlike Shigella)
Release into lamina propria
Induce Na Cl
Macrophages ingulf
Typhoid serovars survive within macrophages

26
Q

Salmonella typhi colonize in

A

human gall bladders

27
Q

Strains causing typhoid fever uniquely

A

multiply in macrophages in liver, spleen, and bone marrow

Micro (11 decks)

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