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From Flashcardlet > Political Science Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Political Science Ch. 2 Flashcards

0
Q

How did the British attempt to raise revenue in the North American colonies?

A

Taxes on commerce

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1
Q

In their fight against British taxes such as the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act of 1764, New England merchants allied with which of the following groups?

A

Artisans, sound her planters, and laborers

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2
Q

The first governing document in the United States was

A

The Articles of Confederation

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3
Q

Where was the execution of laws conducted under the Articles of Confederation?

A

The states

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4
Q

Which event led directly to the Constitutional Convention by providing evidence that the government created under the Articles of Confederation was unable to act decisively in times of national crisis?

A

Shay’s Rebellion

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5
Q

Which state’s proposal embodied a principle of representing state in the Congress according to their size and wealth?

A

Virginia

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6
Q

The agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention that determined that every five slaves would be counted as three free persons for the purpose of taxation and representation in the House of Representatives was called the

A

Three-fifths Compromise

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7
Q

What mechanism was instituted in the Congress to guard against excessive democracy?

A

A) bicamerlism
B) staggered terms in office
C) appointment of senators for long terms
D) indirection election of the president
E) ALL OF THE ABOVE

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8
Q

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court as understood by the Founders?

A

A Supreme Court of the nation and its states

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9
Q

Theorists such as Montesquieu referred to the principle of giving each branch of government a distinctly different constituency as

A

Mixed regime

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10
Q

Which of the following were the Antifederalists most concerned with?

A

The potential for tyranny in the central government

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11
Q

Which of the following best describes the process of amending the Constitution?

A

It is difficult and has rarely been used successfully to address specific public problems.

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12
Q

Amendment

A

A change added to a bill, law or constitution

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13
Q

Antifederalists

A

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government and were opponents of the constitution proposed at the American Constitutional Convention of 1787

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14
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

America’s first written constitution; served as the basis for America’s national government until 1789

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15
Q

Bicameral

A

Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses; distinguished from unicameral.

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16
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 amendments to the Constitutions, ratified in 1791; they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people

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17
Q

Checks and balances

A

Mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence the activities of the other branches. Major examples include the presidential veto power over congressional legislation, the power of the Senate to approve presidential appointments and judicial review of congressional enactments.

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18
Q

Confederation

A

A system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government.

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19
Q

Elastic clause

A

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution (also known as the necessary and proper clause), which enumerates the powers of Congress and provides Congress with the authority to make all a laws “necessary and proper” to carry them out

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20
Q

Electoral college

A

The electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for President and Vice President.

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21
Q

Expressed powers

A

Specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress (Article I, Section 8) and to the president (Article II)

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22
Q

Federalism

A

A system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution between the central (national) government and regional (state) governments

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23
Q

Federalist Papers

A

A series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay supporting the ratification of the Constitution

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24
Q

Federalist so

A

Those who favored a strong national government and supported the constitution proposed at the American Constitutional Convention of 1787.

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25
Q

Great Compromise

A

The agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of its population, but linked representation in the House of Representatives to population

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26
Q

Judicial review

A

The power of the courts to review and, if necessary, declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional. The Supreme Court asserted this power in Marbury v. Madison

27
Q

Limited government

A

A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution

28
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

A framework for the Constitution, introduced by William Paterson that called for equal state representation in the national legislature of population

29
Q

Separation of powers

A

The division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making

30
Q

Supremacy clause

A

Article VI of the Constitution, which states that laws passed by the national government and all treaties “shall be the supreme law of the land” and superior to all laws adopted by any state or any subdivision

31
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

The agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that stipulated that for purpose of the apportionment of congressional seats, every slave would be counted as three fifths of a person

32
Q

Tyranny

A

Oppressive and unjust government that employs cruel and unjust use of power and authority

33
Q

Virginia Plan

A

A framework for the Constitution, introduced by Edmund Randolph, that called for representations in the national legislature based on the population of each state

34
Q

BOOK NOTES

A

BOOK NOTES

35
Q

The purpose of government

A
  • Promote (Justice)
  • Maintain (Peace) at home
  • (Defend) the nation from foreign foes
  • To provide for the (Welfare) of citizenry
  • To secure the (“Blessings of Liberty”)* for Americans
36
Q

Framers believed that a good constitution not only created a government with the capacity to act forcefully but also promoted

A

Compromise and deliberation

37
Q

America’s long-standing values

A

Liberty, equality, and democracy.

38
Q

The Constitution was a product of

A

Political bargaining and compromise. The same way political decisions are made today.

39
Q

The government created by the country’s Founders was the product of

A
  • British legal and political traditions
  • Colonial experience and
  • New ideas about governance
40
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

British philosopher that believed in limits on government power and “contract theory” that the people of a country voluntarily give up some freedom in exchange for an ordered society.

41
Q

John Locke

A

British political thinker believed in republican government of the monarch not have absolute power but limited. He believed that people retain rights despite the social contact they made with the monarch.

42
Q

Five sectors of society had interests that were important in colonial politics:

A
  • The New England merchants
  • The southern planters
  • The royalists- holders of royal lands, offices, and patents (licenses to engage in a profession or business activity)
  • Shopkeepers, artisans and laborers
  • Small farmers
43
Q

Narrow Interests and Political Conflicts Shaped the Fires Founding

Throughout the eighteenth century these groups were in conflict over issues of

A

Taxation
Trade and
Commerce

44
Q

British Taxes Hurt Colonial Economic Interests

The Stamp Act - Tax that all written material had to have a stamp
The Sugar Act of 1764 - Taxed molasses, sugar, and other commodities.

A

Heavily affected two groups

  • The New England merchants
  • Southern planters
45
Q

The New England merchants and southern planters were united under the famous slogan:

A

“No taxation without representation”

46
Q

Political Strife Radicalized the Colonists

A
  • The Boston Tea Party - The British government granted the politically powerful but ailing East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain, eliminating a lucrative form of trade for colonial merchants.
47
Q

Samuel Adams and other radicals hoped to provoke the British government to take actions that would alienate its colonial supporters and pave the way for a rebellion

A

The Boston Tea Party

48
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

The radicals dumped the East India Company’s tea into the Boston Harbor

49
Q

The British retaliated and helped radicalize Americans.

A

True

50
Q

This led to the First Continental Congress - an assembly of delegates from all parts of the colonies that called for a total boycott of British goods.

A

True

51
Q

Under the prodding of the radicals, Americans began to consider the possibility of independence from British rule. The eventual result was the

A

Declaration of Independence

52
Q

The Declaration of Independence explained why the colonists wanted to break with Great Britain

A

True for “unalienable rights” – including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

53
Q

Philosopher John Locke one of England’s foremost liberal theorist believe that

A

All individuals were equal and possessed a natural right to defend their lives, liberties, and possessions.

54
Q

The Declaration of Independence was an attempt to identify and articulate a history and set of principles that might help to forge

A

National unity.

55
Q

The Declaration of Independence explained to the rest of the world why American colonists were attempting to break away for Great Britain.

A

True

56
Q

Articles of confederation

A

The first written constitution

57
Q

The articles of confederation were concerned primarily with limiting the powers of the central government.

A

True

58
Q

The central government was based entirely in a

A

Congress. No executive branch.

59
Q

The Congress was given the power to

A
  • Declare war and make peace
  • Make treaties and alliances
  • To coin or borrow money and to
  • Regulate trade with the Native Americans
60
Q

The Congress could not

A
  • Levy taxes
  • regulate commerce among the states
  • prevent one state from discriminating against other states in the quest for foreign commerce
61
Q

It was a confederation

A

A system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government.

62
Q

There was no executive, there was no judicial authority, and no means of enforcing the Congress will. Any enforcement would have to be doe by the states.

A

True.

63
Q

The failure of the Articles, made the Second Founding necessary

A

True

64
Q

Competition among the state for foreign commerce, allowed the European powers to play the states agains one another, which made America seem weak and vulnerable.

A

True

65
Q

At the same time well-to-do Americans – in particular the _______ and the _______ – were troubled by the influence that “radical” forces excursus end in the Continental Congress and in the governments of several of the states.

A

The New England merchants

Southern planters

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