4.9 Endocrine female

Question 1

two cycles and main functions?

Answer 1

1) ovarian cycle = primary function is development and release of mature ovum
2) uterine cycle = primary function is preparation of uterin endometirum for implantation

Question 2

4 parts of ovarian cycle

Answer 2

1) follicular growth phase
- -from primordial immture follciel to mature graadian follicle
2) ovulation
- -when follicle opens and releases mature egg (ovum)
3) luteal phase
- -what is left over after egg is released is cells ‘corpus luteum
4) involution
- -what happen to corpus luteum if there is no fertilization

Question 3

follicular growth phase of ovarian cycle

Answer 3

• before ovulation
• lasts 14 days
• primordial follicle into graafian follicle

Question 4

ovulation of ovarian cycle

Answer 4

• release mature ovum

- occurs on 14th day in middle of cycle

Question 5

luteal phase of ovarian cycle

Answer 5

• phase immediatley after ovulation
• lasts 12 days
• development of corpus luteam from follicle
• corpus luteum secrete progesterone (And some estrogen)

Question 6

involution of ovarian cycle

Answer 6

• final phase of ovarian cycle
• lasts 2 days
• regression of corpus luteum into nonfunctional corpus albicans

Question 7

what are the 3 phases of uterine cycle?

Answer 7

1) menstural phase
2) proliferation phase
3) secretoary phase

Question 8

menstraul phase of uterine cycle

Answer 8

• necrotic endometirum is sloughed off from PREVIOUS cycle if no fertilization happened
• lasts an average of five days

Question 9

proliferation phase of uterine cycle

Answer 9

• regrowth of endometrium fro current cycle

- lasts 9 to 11 days

Question 10

secretory phase of uterine cycle

Answer 10

• endometrial glands secrete fluid and mucus for potential implanted blastocyst
• lasts 12 days

Question 11

6 important hormones for females?

Answer 11

1) estrogen
2) progesterone
3) follicle stimulatinghormone
4) luteinizing hormone
5) human chorionic gonadotropin
6) inhibin

Question 12

what does estrogen primarily promote?

Answer 12

growth and proliferation of structural changes like endometrail proliferation, vascular growth, and framework of mammary glands

Question 13

progesterone functions?

Answer 13

endometrial glandular secretions and alveolar development of mammary glands

Question 14

FSH function?

Answer 14

1) follicle growth and devel

2) estrogen secretion from follicle

Question 15

estrogen more important for?

progesterone more important for?

Answer 15

estrogen= follicular devel
progesterone= during corpus luteum

Question 16

LH function?

Answer 16

1) ovulation
2) luteinization after ovulation and devel of CL
3) pregoesterone secretion from CL

Question 17

Why does LH keep CL alive?

Answer 17

so it can secrete progesterone until placenta is formed and can do it

Question 18

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) finction?

Answer 18

act like LH

• luteinization and devel of CL
• progesterone secretion from CL

Question 19

inhibin function

Answer 19

inhibits FSH production and secretion

Question 20

E and P negtive feedback on?

Answer 20

hypothalamus and Ant Pit

*estrogen better, both can do alone, together is best

Question 21

is E or P the framework or secretion?

Answer 21

E= framework
P= secretion

Question 22

why does E and P having similar structure to aldosterone matter?

Answer 22

bc aldosterone deals with water resorption

*If E and P are structurally similar they can retain Na, water and make you blaoted

Question 23

cause of menopause?

Answer 23

failure of follicle to respond to gonadotropins (LSH and LH still high, but no response!)

Question 24

menopause has incline of what hormones and decline of what hormone?

Answer 24

incline in gonadotropins

• -decline in E and P
• -ovulation stops

Question 25

hyper vs hypogonadism?

Answer 25

* *hyper= too much estrogen causing thick endometrium and irregular heavy cycles due to tumor * *hypo= low estrogen due to poorlu developed ovaries causing childlike sexular development or greater than normal growth in heght bc late plate union and amenorrhea

Question 26

amenorrhea

Answer 26

prolonger menstrual cycles with long time between menstural phases

Question 27

E and P affect on uterus

Answer 27

``` E= irritant, avoid prego P= calmer, best for implantation ```

Question 28

two drugs to increase fertility?

Answer 28

pergonol and clomid; both stimulate gonadotropin production (induce ovulation and follicular growth)

Question 29

define capacitation

Answer 29

enzymes from endometrium digest layer of glucoprotein off sperm so it can fertilize ovum

Question 30

what promotes sperm movement?

Answer 30

1) oxyocin from female 2) prostaglandin release from male and female 3) uterine and ductile contractions

Question 31

ferilization occurs in?

Answer 31

ampulla

Question 32

takes how long for 1st cell division?

Answer 32

30 hours

Question 33

morulla

Answer 33

at least 8 cell big ball | - takes 3 days

Question 34

blastocyst

Answer 34

hollowing of ball to become a blastocyst - takes 64 cells and 5-6 days * *WHAT EMBEDS INTO endometrium

Question 35

two parts of blastocyst?

Answer 35

1) trophoblast that becoems placenta | 2) inner cell mass that becomes embryo

Question 36

implantation occurs?

Answer 36

6-7 days

Question 37

trophoblasts does what?

Answer 37

1) secrete enzymes and helps blastocyst implantation * ***syncytiotrophoblast 2) projection to contact vasculature * *** sytotrophoblast

Question 38

prego test?

Answer 38

hCG blood and urine assays allow for early detection of pregonancy (8-10 days after ovulation)

Question 39

estrogen dual role?

Answer 39

1) myometrium irritant 2) increase # of oxytocine = INDIRECT AFFECT to promote making of oxytocine receptors on myometrium (cause contractions more easily in next prego)