Introduction to Embryology

Question 1

During what period of development are organs typically most sensitive to teratogenic effects?

Answer 1

Organogenesis (3rd to 8th week)

Question 2

What are the three germ layers?

Answer 2

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 3

What does the ectoderm form?

Answer 3

Skin, central nervous system, hair, and other structures

Question 4

What does mesoderm form?

Answer 4

Blood vessels, bone, connective tissue, and other structures

Question 5

What does endoderm form?

Answer 5

Gut and its derivatives

Question 6

What is oligohydramnios and what might it signify?

Answer 6

Improper amount of amniotic fluid, might signal improperly formed kidneys (which contribute to amniotic fluid formation)

Question 7

Approximately how many live births out of 100 include birth defects?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

Name the normal uses and teratogenic effects of thalidomide, accutane, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) respectively

Answer 8

Thalidomide - Sedative, limb abnormalities, Accutane - Acne, craniofascial decrements, MMF - Transplant antirejection, craniofascial decrements