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Dental Hygiene 2 > Module 6- Fluoride > Flashcards

Module 6- Fluoride Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 ways that fluoride is made available to the tooth?

A

Topical

Systemic

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2
Q

What are some examples of systemic fluoride?

A

RX drops/pills

School water fluoridation

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3
Q

What are some examples of topical fluoride?

A

Community water fluoridation
Milk and Salt fluoridation
Varnish/Foam/Gel

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4
Q

What is a Halo effect?

A

When we make food with fluoridated water and ship it to places that don’t have fluoridated water.

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5
Q

Fluoride is absorbed rapidly through ______ diffusion in the _______.

A 
passive
stomach (GI)
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6
Q

The rate and amount of absorption depends on the ______ of the compound and the _______?

A

solubility

gastric acidity

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7
Q

Stomach absorption takes place within _____ min?

A

60

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8
Q

If the fluoride isn’t absorbed in the stomach it will get absorbed in the ?

A

Small Intestine

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9
Q

There is less absorption when fluoride is taken with?

A

Milk or other food

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10
Q

What distributes the fluoride through the body and carries it to get eliminated from the body as well?

A

plasma

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11
Q

Maximum blood levels of fluoride are reached within ___min of intake?

A

30

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12
Q

Fluoride has a strong affinity for ____ tissues?

A

calcified

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13
Q

99% of fluoride is located in the ______ tissues?

A

mineralized

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14
Q

The amount of fluoride stored varies with the ____, _____, and the ____ of development?

A

intake
time
age/stage

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15
Q

Most fluoride is excreted through the ______ with small amounts excreted through the ____?

A

kidneys (urine)

sweat and feces

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16
Q

Fluoride is deposited during formation of enamel starting at the ________ location?

A

DEJ

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17
Q

Fluoride is deposited directly into the _____ structure?

A

hydroxyapatite

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18
Q

Fluoride becomes _______ when incorporated into the crystalline structure?

A

fluorapatite

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19
Q

Preeruptive fluoride results in ______ occlusal grooves?

A

shallow

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20
Q

Dental fluorosis is a form of _____ that results from systemic ingestion of an excess amount of fluoride during development?

A

hypomineralization

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21
Q

The effects of fluoride on enamel formation are _____ rather than _______

A

cumulative

threshold

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22
Q

During the maturation phase fluoride is deposited where?

A

surface of enamel

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23
Q

Children who are exposed to fluoride for the first time within _________ time have the greatest amount of fluoride acquired.

A

2 yrs before eruption

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24
Q

After eruption how do teeth get fluoride?

A

topical sources

water, TP, mouth rinse, professional topical products etc.

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25
Q

Uptake of fluoride is most rapid on the enamel surface during the ________ time?

A

first YEARS after eruption

26
Q

Define Fluoridation

A

adjustment of natural fluoride ion content of water supply to optimum physiologic concentration that maximizes caries prevention and limits enamel fluorosis

27
Q

Who said water was the cause of the Colorado Brown Stain (also called mottled enamel or just brown stain)

A

Dr. McKay

28
Q

Who pinpointed fluorine as the ACTUAL cause of brown stain?

A

H.V. Churchill

29
Q

Churchill was worried because peoples water was being contaminated by fluorine due to it being a by-product of _______ which they were mining for?

A

aluminum

30
Q

Who concluded that 1ppm was optimum level of fluoride in water in 1930’s?

A

Trendley Dean

31
Q

The first communities were fluoridated in ____ with ____ to be the first?

A

1945

Grand Rapids Michigan

32
Q

Since 1962 the optimum fluoride level has been set to________ for warm climates and ______ for cold?

A

.7 ppm.

1.2 ppm.

33
Q

In what year did the US dept. of health and human services say .7 ppm was for ALL communities no matter the weather?

A

2011

34
Q

What are the 3 sources of fluoride to put in drinking water?

A

fluorspar
cryolite
apatite

35
Q

The dry compounds are sodium ______ and sodium ______

A

fluoride

silico-fluoride

36
Q

The liquid solution is _________

A

hydrofluorosilicic acid

37
Q

The fluoride compound has to be water _______ and relatively _____ and readily _____?

A

soluble
inexpensive
available

38
Q

Maximum fluoride benefits are seen when?

A

continuous use of fluoridated water is used from birth on

39
Q

Estimated reduction in caries due to water fluoridation alone among adults of all ages is ____%

A

27

40
Q

What teeth get the maximum protection from drinking fluoridated water?

A

MX ant.

41
Q

Not only is the number of carious lesions reduced but the ____ is slowed also?

A

rate of caries progression

42
Q

Root caries incidence is almost __% less in communities with water fluoridation?

A

50

43
Q

fluoridation in water from birth is associated with a ___% reduction of caries in primary teeth?

A

40

44
Q

What is partial de-fluoridation?

A

When you decrease the amount of fluoride in the water to the optimum level due to the level being too high

45
Q

Why is a school water fluoridation program at such a high level….ex: 5ppm-8ppm

A

because they are only there 5 days a week and 9 mo out of the year

46
Q

What are the 2 types of water filters that take fluoride out?

A

reverse osmosis and water distillation systems

47
Q

What type of topical fluoride application has the highest % of fluoride and what is the percent?

A

5% Neutral Sodium Varnish (NaF) 2.6%

48
Q

2% NaF foam or gel contains _% fluoride

A

.90

49
Q

1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) contains _____% fluoride

A

1.23

50
Q

The ideal regimen for fluoride is _______ frequency ________ concentration

A

high

low

51
Q

What surface may have the highest concentration of fluoride?

A

outer enamel

52
Q

_________ may have higher levels of fluoride than enamel?

A

exposed dentin

53
Q

a demineralized spot contains _____ fluoride than intact enamel?

A

more

54
Q

What are the 3 basic topical effects of fluoride to preventing dental caries?

A

inhibit demineralization
enhance remineralization
inhibit bacterial activity

55
Q

How does fluoride inhibit bacterial activity?

A

it inhibits ENOLASE (enzyme in bacteria) needed to metabolize carbs

56
Q

What is the principal mineral ingredient of teeth, bones, and calculus?

A

hydroxyapatite

57
Q

What is a form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions replaced some of the hydroxyl ions?

A

fluorapatite

58
Q

What apatite is formed when low concentrations of fluoride react with tooth mineral?

A

fluorhydroxyapatite

59
Q

What apatite is less soluble and more resistant to the acids formed by carb intake?

A

fluorapatite

60
Q

Cariostatic means

A

inhibits progress of dental caries

61
Q

_______ is the lowering of the amount of fluoride in fluoridated water to an optimum?

A

defluoridation

62
Q

What is a demineralized area below the surface of the enamel?

A

subsurface lesion

Dental Hygiene 2 (19 decks)

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