4a

Question 1

somatic
germ

Answer 1

somatic-body cells, made up of body’s tissues and organs, DNA is not passed to offspring
germ- found in reproductive organs, develop into gametes, DNA can be passed to offspring

Question 2

chromosomes in somatic cells

Answer 2

46

Question 3

male gamete
female

Answer 3

sperm,egg

Question 4

human gamete

Answer 4

23

Question 5

homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

Have copies of the same genes/same length and general appearance

Question 6

xy

Answer 6

male

Question 7

xx

Answer 7

female

Question 8

what nuclei has more genes

Answer 8

x

Question 9

fusion of egg and sperm cells

Answer 9

fertilization

Question 10

diploid2n haploidn

Answer 10

dip- 2 copies of each chromosome
hap- 1 copy of each chromosome

Question 11

somatic is diploid or haploid

Answer 11

diploid

Question 12

why is it important that gametes are haploid

Answer 12

when the sperm and egg fuse together the cell will have 46 chromosomes

Question 13

what type of division do germ cells undergo in order to produce gametes

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

cells produced by mitosis

Answer 14

2 identical daughter cells

Question 15

cells produced by meiosis

Answer 15

4

Question 16

gametogenesis

Answer 16

production of the gametes

Question 17

polar bodies

Answer 17

one of four cells produced by meiosis actually go on to become an egg/the egg will receive most of the organelles the other cells will become polar bodies

Question 18

why is genetic variation good

Answer 18

produces variation in the offspring species can adapt to environments survival advantages a disease or change in environment is less likely to affect all of the individuals in a population

Question 19

what happens when crossing over occurs during meiosis

Answer 19

exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis 1 this results in a new combination of genes

Question 20

gene linkage

Answer 20

genes located close together tend to be inherited together

Question 21

what must happen before able to reproduce

Answer 21

puberty

Question 22

were are human egg cells produced

Answer 22

ovaries

Question 23

what is the main female hormone that controls reproduction

Answer 23

estrogen

Question 24

what happens to a human egg once it leaves an ovary

Answer 24

enters the fallopian tube

Question 25

in what organ will a fertilized egg develop into a baby

Answer 25

uterus

Question 26

were are human sperm produced

Answer 26

testicles

Question 27

what is the main male hormone that controls reproduction

Answer 27

testosterone

Question 28

what is the term for the cell that forms when an egg and sperm unite

Answer 28

zygote

Question 29

fluid filled sac that protects a developing embryo

Answer 29

amniotic sac

Question 30

placenta

Answer 30

connects the mother and the embryo/ allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

Question 31

how are the embryo and placenta connected

Answer 31

umbilica cord

Question 32

pregnancy lasts

Answer 32

9 months

Question 33

stages of pregnancy

Answer 33

trimester 1 2 3

Question 34

Challenging for scientists to study DNA

Answer 34

DNA is a very large molecule far to small to see

Question 35

cut up DNA into manageable sections

Answer 35

enzymes

Question 36

restriction map

Answer 36

show the lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites in a strand of DNA

Question 37

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 37

a technique that produces millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence in just a few hours

Question 38

uses DNA fingerprinting

Answer 38

solving crimes/prove family relations/study biodiversity

Question 39

clone

Answer 39

a genetically identical copy of a gene or an entire organism

Question 40

bacteria that reproduce via binary fission clones of each other

Answer 40

bacteria produce identical genetic copies of themselves through binary fission

Question 41

issues of cloning mammals

Answer 41

typically unhealthy age quick environmental factors cause genes to be expressed in different ways, controversial

Question 42

why is genetic engineering possible

Answer 42

all organisms share the same basic nucleotides

Question 43

recombinant DNA

Answer 43

DNA that contains genes from more than one organism

Question 44

transgenic

Answer 44

one or more genes from another organism is inserted into its genome

Question 45

issues with genetically modified plants

Answer 45

not a lot of research/ genes may cause allergic reactions/ negative impacts to the environment

Question 46

genome

Answer 46

organisms genetic information

Question 47

genomics

Answer 47

study of genomes

Question 48

Human genome project

Answer 48

Mapped and sequenced all the DNA base pairs of human chromosomes/ identifies all genes within the sequence

Question 49

genetic screening controversial

Answer 49

create tension within a family because of the results can reveal information about other family members in addition to the person who is tested

Question 50

gene therapy

Answer 50

the replacement of a defective or missing gene or the addition of a new gene into a persons genome in order to treat a disease/ the goal is the add the gene to the correct cells and to get the gene to become part of the cells DNA