unit 3c study guide Flashcards
What is the term for the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells?
cell cycle
4 main stages of the cell cycle
gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, mitosis
what stages are considered to make up interphase
gap 1 synthesis gap 2
which stage of the cell cycle takes the most time
gap 1
during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell make a copy of its nuclear DNA
synthesis
which phase does the nucleus divide
mitosis
what is the term for the division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
4 other types of eukaryotes in which the cell cycle occurs
plants, animals, fungi, protists
what is the term for the division of prokaryotic cells
binary fission
which is more complex mitosis or binary fission
Mitosis
do all human cells divide at the same rate
no
2 types of cells that rarely or never divide
Neurons, lymphocytes
why do cells have a minimum size
why do cells have a maximum size
Min- must be big enough to contain all of the necessary organelles and molecules.
Max- cannot get to large materials need to be transported easily have have plenty of surface area for gas exchange
what are chromatids
Each chromosome is made of two identical sets of DNA called chromatids
what joins sister chromatids together
centromere
were are telomeres located
ends of chromosomes
what is the purpose of telomeres
they prevent the ends of the chromosomes from accidentally attaching to each other
how many cells are produced by one mitotic division
two identical
in what type of cells does mitosis occur
eukaryotic
4 main phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what occurs during prophase
Chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes , this nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form
metaphase
Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers and line up in the middle of the cell
anaphase
Sister chromatids separate from each other, the spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids away from each other and toward opposite sides of the cell.
telophase
A complete set of identical chromosome is positioned at the pole of each cell. The nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fiber fall apart