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A & P medic school > 4a integumentary system > Flashcards

4a integumentary system Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Major components of integumentary system

A

Skin
Hair, nails
Glands

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2
Q

Skin

A

Epidermis avascular
Dermis vascular - fibers extend to hypodermis to anchor it
Hypodermis (subq) connected to fascia (CT around muscle and bones), sub q stores fat and has vessels to supply skin
Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles in sub q are pressure sensitive nerve endings

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3
Q

Type of cells in epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Four principal cells of epidermins

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal machrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

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5
Q

Keratinocytes

A

90% of epidermal cells
Arranged in 4-5 layers, produce keratin,
Tough hard outer layer
Releases lamellar granules which release water repellent seal

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6
Q

Melanocytes

A

8% of epidermis. Produce melanin, which goes into nucleus of keratinocyres and protects nucleus (nucleus doesn’t get damaged but melanin can)

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7
Q

Intraepidermal macrophages

A

Lagnerhans cells

Produces by red bone marrow, participate in skin immune response and are easily damaged by sun

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8
Q

Tactile epitheleal cells

A

Merkel cells

Least numerous, deepest layer of epidermis. Contact flattened sensory neuron to detect touch

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9
Q

4 (or 5) layers of epidermis (stratum)

A 
Basal
Spinosum
Granulosum
Corneum
Skin where friction is greatest has lucidem superior to corneum
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10
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer, thicker than epi,

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11
Q

What is the dermis made of

A

Dense irregular tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers (resists pulling forces, can stretch and recoild easy)

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12
Q

Cells in dermis

A

Mostly fibroblasts with macrophages and adipocytes near boundry

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13
Q

Whats in the dermis

A

Blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles.

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14
Q

Melanin

A

Brown black pigment that increases with exposure to uv light

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15
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow-orange pigment

Precursor of vitamin a, used to synthesize pigments for vision.

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Along with carotene and melanin its responsible for skin colour (makes light skinned people appear red)

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17
Q

Where is hair not present

A

Palms and palmar surfaces of fingers

Soles and plantar surfaces of feet

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18
Q

Benefits of head hair

A

Stops heat loss, protects against UV damage

*All hair functions as a touch receptor

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19
Q

Anatomy of hair

A

Shaft and root made of medulla, cortex and cuticle (concentric layers)

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20
Q

Inner medulla of hair

A

Lacking in thinner
Pigment in dark
Less pigment in grey
No pigment and air bubbles in white hair

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21
Q

Cuticle of hair

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A

Outermost, lots of keratin, arranged like shingles with free end toward the end of the hair

22
Q

Hair standing up

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A

Arrector pili muscles from autnomic nerve endings contract causing hair to stand upright and goosbumps from skin around shaft forming slight elevations

23
Q

Hair root plexus

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A

Dendrites of neurons sensitive to touch

24
Q

Hair growth/loss

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A

Goes through cycles of growth and resting
Grows for 2-6 years rests for 3 months
85% of hair is in growth stage always
Loss is determined by hormones and genetics

25
Glands of the skin
Sebaceous (oil) Sudoriferous (sweat) Ceruminous Mammary
26
Sebaceous glands location
Everywhere except pamls and soles
27
Sebaceous gland secretions
Sebum
28
Sebaceous glands function
Keeps skin and hair soft Prevents excess evaporation Inhibits growth of bacteria
29
Sudoriferous glands are located
Almost everywhere
30
Sudoriferous glands secretion
Sweat
31
Function of sudoriferous glands
Temp reg and waste elimination
32
Ceruminous glands location and secretion
External ear and wax
33
Function of ceruminous glands
Sticky barrier that prevents foreign bodies from entering
34
Mammary glands obvious things
They are modified sweat glands in boobies and secret milk
35
Mammary glands function
Nourish infant with nutrients AND antibodies
36
Nails
Plates of tightly packed, hard, dead keratinized epidermal cells Nail body is the plate Free edge is the tip Nail root is buried under a fold Cuticle is a narrow band of epidermis made of stratum corneum Lunula is white part
37
Nail Growth
Affected by age, health, nutrition Varies by seasons, time of day, environmental factors Approx 1mm per week, slower in toenails
38
First of six skin functions
Temp contorl with perspiration and insulation against heat loss
39
Second of six skin functions
Protection against physical barrier to abrasion, dehydration, invasion and UV rays Also has WBC for immunity in dermis
40
Third of six skin functions
Sensation because of many nerve endings to detect various stimuli
41
Fourth of six skin functions
Excretion. Sweat contains urea and other wastes
42
Fifth function of skin
Blood reservoir 8-10% blood flow at rest Increases or decreases depending on need (let off heat or divert blood elsewhere) constriction to divert blood causes pallor
43
Sixth function of the skin
Endocrine | Synthesizes the D and interacts with precursors in skin to form calcitriol in the liver and kidney
44
Calciotriol
From Vitamin D, increases serum Ca+ by increasing absorption from gut and reabsorbtion from kidneys Increases release of calcium from bone
45
Cyanosis
Blue skin colour from lack of oxygen on hemoglobin (resp or cardiac problems)
46
Erythema
Reddnes from increased blood supply (exercise, fever, hemorrhage under skin, inflammation)
47
Pallor
Paleness/blanching from decreased blood supply or anemia
48
Jaundice
Yellow tones to skin and eyes from bilrubin in blood from | liver disease, obstructed bile duct (bile not being removed from body)
49
1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns
Epidermis Dermis and epidermis Sub q dermis and epidermis
50
Types of skin cancer
Basal cell caricnoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma (most serious, early metastases is common)
51
ABCD melanoma
Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter (>6mm)

A & P medic school (7 decks)

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