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A & P medic school > 4a integumentary system > Flashcards

4a integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Major components of integumentary system

A

Skin
Hair, nails
Glands

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2
Q

Skin

A

Epidermis avascular
Dermis vascular - fibers extend to hypodermis to anchor it
Hypodermis (subq) connected to fascia (CT around muscle and bones), sub q stores fat and has vessels to supply skin
Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles in sub q are pressure sensitive nerve endings

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3
Q

Type of cells in epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Four principal cells of epidermins

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal machrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

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5
Q

Keratinocytes

A

90% of epidermal cells
Arranged in 4-5 layers, produce keratin,
Tough hard outer layer
Releases lamellar granules which release water repellent seal

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6
Q

Melanocytes

A

8% of epidermis. Produce melanin, which goes into nucleus of keratinocyres and protects nucleus (nucleus doesn’t get damaged but melanin can)

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7
Q

Intraepidermal macrophages

A

Lagnerhans cells

Produces by red bone marrow, participate in skin immune response and are easily damaged by sun

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8
Q

Tactile epitheleal cells

A

Merkel cells

Least numerous, deepest layer of epidermis. Contact flattened sensory neuron to detect touch

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9
Q

4 (or 5) layers of epidermis (stratum)

A 
Basal
Spinosum
Granulosum
Corneum
Skin where friction is greatest has lucidem superior to corneum
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10
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer, thicker than epi,

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11
Q

What is the dermis made of

A

Dense irregular tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers (resists pulling forces, can stretch and recoild easy)

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12
Q

Cells in dermis

A

Mostly fibroblasts with macrophages and adipocytes near boundry

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13
Q

Whats in the dermis

A

Blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles.

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14
Q

Melanin

A

Brown black pigment that increases with exposure to uv light

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15
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow-orange pigment

Precursor of vitamin a, used to synthesize pigments for vision.

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Along with carotene and melanin its responsible for skin colour (makes light skinned people appear red)

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17
Q

Where is hair not present

A

Palms and palmar surfaces of fingers

Soles and plantar surfaces of feet

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18
Q

Benefits of head hair

A

Stops heat loss, protects against UV damage

*All hair functions as a touch receptor

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19
Q

Anatomy of hair

A

Shaft and root made of medulla, cortex and cuticle (concentric layers)

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20
Q

Inner medulla of hair

A

Lacking in thinner
Pigment in dark
Less pigment in grey
No pigment and air bubbles in white hair

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21
Q

Cuticle of hair

A

Outermost, lots of keratin, arranged like shingles with free end toward the end of the hair

22
Q

Hair standing up

A

Arrector pili muscles from autnomic nerve endings contract causing hair to stand upright and goosbumps from skin around shaft forming slight elevations

23
Q

Hair root plexus

A

Dendrites of neurons sensitive to touch

24
Q

Hair growth/loss

A

Goes through cycles of growth and resting
Grows for 2-6 years rests for 3 months
85% of hair is in growth stage always
Loss is determined by hormones and genetics

25
Q

Glands of the skin

A

Sebaceous (oil)
Sudoriferous (sweat)
Ceruminous
Mammary

26
Q

Sebaceous glands location

A

Everywhere except pamls and soles

27
Q

Sebaceous gland secretions

A

Sebum

28
Q

Sebaceous glands function

A

Keeps skin and hair soft
Prevents excess evaporation
Inhibits growth of bacteria

29
Q

Sudoriferous glands are located

A

Almost everywhere

30
Q

Sudoriferous glands secretion

A

Sweat

31
Q

Function of sudoriferous glands

A

Temp reg and waste elimination

32
Q

Ceruminous glands location and secretion

A

External ear and wax

33
Q

Function of ceruminous glands

A

Sticky barrier that prevents foreign bodies from entering

34
Q

Mammary glands obvious things

A

They are modified sweat glands in boobies and secret milk

35
Q

Mammary glands function

A

Nourish infant with nutrients AND antibodies

36
Q

Nails

A

Plates of tightly packed, hard, dead keratinized epidermal cells
Nail body is the plate
Free edge is the tip
Nail root is buried under a fold
Cuticle is a narrow band of epidermis made of stratum corneum
Lunula is white part

37
Q

Nail Growth

A

Affected by age, health, nutrition
Varies by seasons, time of day, environmental factors
Approx 1mm per week, slower in toenails

38
Q

First of six skin functions

A

Temp contorl with perspiration and insulation against heat loss

39
Q

Second of six skin functions

A

Protection against physical barrier to abrasion, dehydration, invasion and UV rays
Also has WBC for immunity in dermis

40
Q

Third of six skin functions

A

Sensation because of many nerve endings to detect various stimuli

41
Q

Fourth of six skin functions

A

Excretion. Sweat contains urea and other wastes

42
Q

Fifth function of skin

A

Blood reservoir
8-10% blood flow at rest
Increases or decreases depending on need (let off heat or divert blood elsewhere) constriction to divert blood causes pallor

43
Q

Sixth function of the skin

A

Endocrine

Synthesizes the D and interacts with precursors in skin to form calcitriol in the liver and kidney

44
Q

Calciotriol

A

From Vitamin D, increases serum Ca+ by increasing absorption from gut and reabsorbtion from kidneys
Increases release of calcium from bone

45
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue skin colour from lack of oxygen on hemoglobin (resp or cardiac problems)

46
Q

Erythema

A

Reddnes from increased blood supply (exercise, fever, hemorrhage under skin, inflammation)

47
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness/blanching from decreased blood supply or anemia

48
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow tones to skin and eyes from bilrubin in blood from

liver disease, obstructed bile duct (bile not being removed from body)

49
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns

A

Epidermis
Dermis and epidermis
Sub q dermis and epidermis

50
Q

Types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell caricnoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma (most serious, early metastases is common)

51
Q

ABCD melanoma

A

Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter (>6mm)

A & P medic school (7 decks)

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