4B Conversation Lesson 4. Upbringing. Lucy talks to her father Richard

Question 1

We use these constructions to show the beginning and ending points of an action.
2 possibilities.

Answer 1

1) From - until (or till)

• I went to school in Africa from 2 till 9.

2) from - through to
from - through (less used)
from - to

• I went to boarding school from the age of 12 through to 18.
  I went to boarding school from the age of 12 through 18.
  I went to boarding school from the age of 12 to 18.

Question 2

How do you say at some age? 3 possibilities - shorter and longer ones

Answer 2

He started smoking at 15.
He started smoking at age 15.
He started smoking at the age of 15.

I started to walk at 3 (though, it is a bit vague, because it can be confused with time).
I started to walk at age 3.
I started to walk at the age of 3.

Question 3

adv
used to ask the general area where somebody/something is

Answer 3

whereabouts /ˈweərəbaʊts/

• Whereabouts did you find it?
• Would you like to tell me whereaboutsyou grew up?

Question 4

phr

on or very close to the line that joins two countries

Answer 4

on the border

• I was actually born in the North of England in a place called Northumberland /ˌnɔːˈθʌmbələnd/. It’s actually on the border with Scotland.
• I grew up in a small village on the border between England and Wales.

Question 5

phr v
when something has to be delivered by aeroplane or helicopter either because there is no road access or it needs to be done quickly

Answer 5

to be flown in

• 1961, there was a terrible, terrible winter in England, so bad that actually my first baby food had to be flown in by helicopter.
• Due to its remote location, any supplies had to be flown in by helicopter.

to fly in:
to arrive somewhere by plane

• The UN Secretary-General has flown in to plead for a climate agreement.

Question 6

adj
typical of or used by people who belong to a high social class

Answer 6

posh /pɒʃ/

• That’s very posh.
• They pay for their children to go to a posh school.

Question 7

adj
connected with or like the countryside

сельский
сельскохозяйственный
деревенский
сельской местности

Answer 7

rural /ˈrʊərəl/

• It was very necessary as well because we were in a very rural forestry area as my father was a district forester.
• I grew up in a rural part of Southern England.

Question 8

n
the science or practice of planting and taking care of trees and forests
лесоводство
лесничество

Answer 8

forestry /ˈfɒrɪstri/

• My father worked in forestry before he retired.

Question 9

n
a person who works in a forest, taking care of the trees, planting new ones etc.
лесник
лесничий
лесовод

Answer 9

a forester /ˈfɒrɪstə(r)/

• My father was a district forester.
• A job that would really suit you is being a forester.

Question 10

phr v
to be transported to another city or country
вывезен
выведен
вывезли
вывели

Answer 10

to be taken out

• So, I was born there, but I was actually taken out to Africa before I was two.
• A rescue team was taken out to sea to search for the missing boat.

Question 11

v
to get on a ship, train, plane, bus, etc.

Answer 11

to board /bɔːd/

• We boarded in Kenya /ˈken.jə/ and then we drove across to Uganda /juːˈɡæn.də/ (UK and US),
• He boarded a train to London.

Question 12

phr v

to drive a car or motorcycle from one side of something to the other

Answer 12

to drive across

• We boarded in Kenya and then we drove across to Uganda.
• We decided to drive across the mountains rather than fly to Italy.

Question 13

phr v

to care for a child; raise

Answer 13

to be brought up

• and so I spent the next seven years of my life being brought up in Uganda /juːˈɡæn.də/.
• I was brought up by my grandparents because my parents were always working.

Question 14

idiom

to be so used to something that you do not recognize its true value or not show that you are grateful

Answer 14

to take something for granted

• Of course, I took it all for granted and thought it was quite normal,
• When we were young, we just took it for granted.

Question 15

n
the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave

Answer 15

upbringing /ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/

• but it was a lovely upbringing.
• I had quite a turbulent upbringing

Question 16

phr
to take a trip to see or hunt wild animals, especially in east or southern Africa

Answer 16

to go on safari /səˈfɑː.ri/

• I was very lucky because we had things like going on safari.
• While we were in Kenya, we had the opportunity to go on safari.

Question 17

n
a black substance made by burning wood slowly which is used as a fuel or for drawing
древесный уголь

Answer 17

charcoal /ˈtʃɑːkəʊl/

• My father was a forester, as I mentioned, and so a lot of it was spent in forests, in particular, making charcoal. (by “it” the childhood is meant).
• We need to get some more charcoal for the barbecue.

Question 18

n
being confused and worried when visiting another country because the experience is so different from what you are used to

Answer 18

culture shock /ˈkʌltʃə ʃɒk/

• Wow. And that must have been such a change. Did you have any culture shock?
• He had never left his village before, so arriving in the capital, Manila, was a big culture shock.

Question 19

idiom

to use or accept something that is not really good enough

Answer 19

to make do

• Because my father was effectively a student again, we had very little money. And so we had to make do on very little in terms of clothing, food.
• We were in a hurry so we had to make do with a quick snack.

Question 20

phr
to pay attention to

Answer 20

to take notice of

• That’s terrible, isn’t it? Thinking back now, it was, but actually then, we didn’t really take much notice of that.
• When she fell over, no-one took any notice of it.

Question 21

phr v
to treat sb unfairly or unkindly; usually done by children

дразнить
цепляться к
приставать к
придираться к

Answer 21

to pick on sb

• So, no one picked on you? There was no bullying for that?
• When Paul was at school, he used to get picked on by a bunch of older students.
• He gets picked on by the other boys because he’s so small.
• • Why are you picking on me?
• • Stop picking on me!
• She felt she was being picked on.
• At school she was a vulnerable little soul and the other girls picked on her.
• I hope he didn’t think I was picking on him.

Question 22

n
to use strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people

Answer 22

bullying /ˈbʊliɪŋ/

• So, no one picked on you? There was no bullying for that?
• Bullying used to be quite a serious problem in this school.

Question 23

phr v
to manage to live using just the money, knowledge or equipment that you have

Answer 23

to get by

• I want to know about what your mum was like as a mother. What did she do to get by as well to save money?

to get by on
* How does she get by on such a small salary?

• How can he get by on so little money?

get by with
* We can get by with four computers at the moment, but we’ll need a couple more when the new staff arrive.

Question 24

n
a piece of meat
кусок мяса

Answer 24

cut of meat

• we couldn’t afford expensive cuts of meat or anything like that
• The recipe says that I need a lean cut of pork.

Question 25

n
a dish of meat and/or vegetables cooked slowly in a pot of water

рагу
тушеное мясо
жаркое
похлебка

Answer 25

stew /stjuː/

• but it meant that she could cook up a stew
• My grandma makes the best beef stew.

Question 26

n
smooth grains of barley (ячмень), which are added to soups and other dishes
перловка

Answer 26

pearl barley /ˌpɜːlˈbɑːli/

• but it meant that she could cook up a stew with things like pearl barley, carrots, and celery in it.
• When I was a kid, my mum used to make a great soup with carrots and pearl barley.

Question 27

n
a vegetable with long light-green stems that are often eaten raw

Answer 27

celery /ˈseləri/

• Can you buy a few sticks of celery while you’re at the market?

Question 28

adj
helping a person, an animal or a plant to grow and be healthy

питательный
сытный
питающий

Answer 28

nourishing /ˈnʌrɪʃɪŋ/

• She could cook up a stew. It was very nourishing.
• Have some of this stew - it’s very nourishing.

Question 29

idiom - using very little money

на очень ограничеснный бюджет
ресурсов едва хватало

Answer 29

on a shoestring - both UK and US

• Well, I think because we’d been brought up on a shoestring.

also: on a shoestring budget

• My parents were quite poor, so we had to live on a shoestring budget.
• And it was done remarkably cheaply, on a shoestring, basically.

Question 30

adj
to have decided to do something and not be willing to change

определенны
решительный
намерен(ный)
полный решимости

Answer 30

determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/

• Although the plan seems impossible, I’m determined to make it succeed.

Question 31

adj
showing that you understand how good something is, or are grateful for something:

Answer 31

appreciative /əˈpriː.ʃə.tɪv/
appreciative of

• It’s nice to have an appreciative audience.
• I’m very appreciative of all the support you’ve given me.

Question 32

idiom - to be in a financial position to afford things that someone with a lower income might not be able to

Answer 32

to have the better things in life

• We were determined to try and make sure that you had some of the better things in life.
• Now that your dad has got a promotion, we might be able to have some of the better things in life.

Question 33

idiom - to be careful about how much money you spend as money is limited

Answer 33

to work to a budget

• Do you work to a budget, are you constrained by any form of budget?
• When I was in university, I had to work to a really tight budget.

Question 34

v
to gradually put an idea or attitude into somebody’s mind

привить
внушить
вселить
посеять

Answer 34

to instil /ɪnˈstɪl/ (an idea or feeling in someone)

• I think it was important that that wasinstilledin you as well.
• I think my parents instilled a sense of justice (чувство справедливости) in me since a young age.
• That instilled a sense of pride in me.

Question 35

v
to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people:

Answer 35

to contribute to sth
UK /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/ /ˈkɒn.trɪ.bjuːt/ US /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/
to contribute towards sth
to contribute sth to sth

• For the little pocket money that you had, if you wanted something, we might contribute towards something, but you had to budget for it so that you appreciated the value of money.
• Ready to contribute towards your goals.
• We contributed quite a lot to our daughter’s tuition fees for college.
• Her family has contributed $50,000 to the fund.

Question 36

phr
to plan to spend an amount of money for a particular purpose

Answer 36

to budget for sth.

• For the little pocket money that you had, if you wanted something, we might contribute towards something, but you had to budget for it so that you appreciated the value of money.
• The company has budgeted for the extra cost of flying in workers from abroad.

Question 37

n
a school where children can live during the school year

Answer 37

boarding school /ˈbɔːdɪŋ skuːl/

• and you also went to boarding school, didn’t you?
• My father told me that he had a tough time at boarding school.

Question 38

v
to move in the direction of something that you want to achieve

Answer 38

to aim towards

• I was aiming towards doing my O levels.
• I’m eventually aiming towards becoming a teacher.

Question 39

n
an exam in a particular subject, at a lower level than A level, usually taken at the age of 16. In 1988 it was replaced by the GCSE

Answer 39

O level /ˈəʊ levl/

• I was aiming towards doing my O levels, which were qualificationsat the time in England.
• I did pretty well in my O levels considering I didn’t actually do anything.

Question 40

a period of life, usually childhood or early adulthood that has an important and lasting influence on the development of someone’s character

Answer 40

formative years

• • So, I went to boarding school from the age of 12 through to 18.
• It’s quite formative years, actually.
• When I look back at it, those were definitely the formative years for me.

Question 41

a friend of a man who is getting married that helps him at the wedding

Answer 41

the best man /ˌbest ˈmæn/

• Ed was one of my best friends there, but he also is my best manat the wedding as well.
• I can’t believe Rob asked me to be his best man.