4TH BIMONTHLY RECALLS Flashcards by SALI BABY

particularly which of the following amphetamine-like substances can dangerously exacerbate hypertension, precipitate a toxic psychosis, cause intestinal infarction, or result in death

ephedrine
pseudoephedrine
phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
none of the above

phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

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increased risk of conversion disorder in dizygotic twin pairs has been reported

True
False

False

-MONOZYGOTIC DAPAT

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The first biomarker identified in autism spectrum disorder was elevated ________ in whole blood, almost exclusively in the platelets

serotonin
dopamine
norepinephrine
none of the above

serotonin

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a variant of somatic symptom disorder (hypochondriasis)

conversion disorder
illness anxiety disorder
panic disorder
functional neurological symptom disorder

illness anxiety disorder

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characterized by 6 or more months of a general and non-delusional preoccupation with fears of having, or the idea that one has, a serious disease based on the person’s misinterpretation of bodily symptoms

panic disorder
somatic symptom disorder
body dysmorphic disorder
conversion disorder

somatic symptom disorder

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motor symptoms in conversion disorder

psychogenic
vomiting
opisthotonus
midline anesthesia
deafness

opisthotonus

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Several studies have reported data consistent with the hypothesis that specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons is present in this area in persons with Alzheimer’s disease

locus ceruleus
nucleus basalis of Meynert
hippocampus
substancia nigra

nucleus basalis of Meynert

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illness anxiety disorder is diagnosed more frequently in older rather than younger persons

True
False

True

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the following symptoms are associated with poor prognosis in conversion disorder

blindness
aphonia
seizures
all of the above

seizures

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principal component of cannabis is

Δ9-THC
11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC
Dronabinol
none of the above

Δ9-THC

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more strongly indicate Alzheimer’s disease, although they are also seen in Down syndrome and, to some extent, in normal aging

amyloid plaques
neurofibrillary tangles
neuronal loss (particularly in the cortex and the hippocampus)
synaptic loss (perhaps as much as 50 percent in the cortex)

amyloid plaques

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in conversion disorder, onset is generally from late childhood to early adulthood; rare before 10 years of age or after 35 years of age; onset as late as the ninth decade of life has been reported

True
False

True

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sensory symptoms in conversion disorder

aphonia
anesthesia
paralysis
weakness

anesthesia

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sensory deficits in conversion disorder

involuntary movements
midline anesthesia
blepharospasm
tics

midline anesthesia

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in illness anxiety disorder, somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, are only mild in intensity

True
False

True

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What is a drink?

20 g of ethanol
15 g of ethanol
12 g of ethanol
40 g of ethanol

12 g of ethanol

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associated behavioral symptoms that may occur in autism spectrum disorder

disturbances in language development and usage
intellectual disability
irritability
all of the above

disturbances in language development and usage

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psychiatric illness worsens cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, diminishes glycemic control in patients with diabetes, and decreases return to functioning in patients experiencing a stroke

True
Fals

True

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good prognosis in somatic symptom disorder include

high socioeconomic status
treatment-responsive anxiety or depression
sudden onset of symptoms
all of the above

all of the above

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Dementia refers to low

intellectual functional
mental retardation
cognitive decline from a previous level of functioning
all of the above

cognitive decline from a previous level of functioning

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irritability in autism spectrum disorder includes

aggression
self-injurious behaviors
severe temper tantrums
all of the above

all of the above

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most common method of using cocaine is

inhaling the finely chopped powder into the nose (“snorting” or “tooting”)
subcutaneous or intravenous injection
smoking (freebasing)
none of the above

inhaling the finely chopped powder into the nose (“snorting” or “tooting”)

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in conversion disorder blindness

patients walk around without collisions or self-injury
their pupils react to light
cortical-evoked potentials are normal
all of the above

all of the above

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in the general hospital, delirium occurs in 18 percent of patients

True
False

True

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when symptoms suggest a conversion disorder onset in middle or old age, the probability of an occult neurological or other medical condition is high True False

True

psychodynamic explanation of illness anxiety disorder A. aggressive and hostile wishes toward others are transferred into minor physical complaints or the B. fear of physical illness fear of illness is viewed as a request to play the sick role made by someone C. facing seemingly insurmountable and insolvable problems D. sick role offers an escape that allows a patient to be excused from usual duties and obligations E. all of the above

A. aggressive and hostile wishes toward others are transferred into minor physical complaints or the

It is not uncommon for a child with autism spectrum disorder to appear deaf, at times showing little response to a normal speaking voice; on the other hand, the same child may show intent interest in the sound of a wristwatch True False

True

the second most common type of dementia alzheimer's type (alzheimer's disease) vascular alcohol-related movement disorder-related

vascular

psychiatric disorders are linked to nonadherence with antiretroviral therapy True False

True

a new diagnosis in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) illness anxiety disorder somatic symptom disorder conversion disorder panic disorder

illness anxiety disorder

in conversion disorder, the gain is primarily social, monetary, or legal True False

False PRIMARILY PSCHOLOGICAL AND NOT SOCIAL, MONETARY, LEGAL

being excused from obligations and difficult life situations, receiving support and assistance; controlling other persons’ behavior la belle indifference identification secondary gain primary gain

secondary gain

the following symptoms are associated with good prognosis in conversion disorder tremors seizures paralysis all of the above

paralysis

family members affected by or influencing the behavior of the substance abuser Codependence Dependence Enabler Addiction

Codependence

Tremulousness (commonly called the ―shakes‖ or the ―jitters‖) develops how many hours after the cessation of drinking? 6 to 8 hours 8 to 12 hours 12 to 24 hours none of the above

6 to 8 hours

psychiatric disorders worsen the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients True False

True

one of the major problems in diagnosing conversion disorder is the difficulty of definitively ruling out a medical disorder True False

True

repeated and increased use of a substance, the deprivation of which gives rise to symptoms of distress and an irresistible urge to use the agent again Dependence Addiction Misuse Abuse

Addiction

applies to persons who are preoccupied with being sick or with developing a disease of some kind conversion disorder somatic symptom disorder generalized anxiety disorder illness anxiety disorder

illness anxiety disorder

depressive disorders in the general hospital are more than twice as common, and substance abuse is two to three times as common True False

True

patients with somatic symptom disorder usually resist psychiatric treatment, some accept this treatment if it takes place in a medical setting and focuses on stress reduction and education in coping with chronic illness True False

True

the most common type of dementia alcohol-related movement disorder-related vascular alzheimer's type (alzheimer's disease)

alzheimer's type (alzheimer's disease)

keeping internal conflicts outside their awareness; symptoms have symbolic value; they represent an unconscious psychological conflict la belle indifference primary gain identification secondary gain

primary gain

psychotherapy also plays an important role in psychosomatic medicine and may vary in its structure and outcomes as compared with therapy that occurs in a mental health practice True False

True

Autism spectrum disorders have been increasingly diagnosed over the last two decades, with the current prevalence estimated at approximately 1 percent 0.1 percent 15 percent 10 percent

1 percent

Medical and neurological disorders occur frequently in conversion disorder True False

True

biological factors in conversion disorder A. classically conditioned learned behavior; symptoms of illness, learned in childhood, are called forth as a means of coping with an otherwise impossible situation B. hypometabolism of the dominant hemisphere and hypermetabolism of the nondominant hemisphere; impaired hemispheric communication C. repression of unconscious intrapsychic conflict and conversion of anxiety into a physical symptom D. all of the above

B. hypometabolism of the dominant hemisphere and hypermetabolism of the nondominant hemisphere; impaired hemispheric communication

sensory symptoms in conversion disorder deafness astasia-abasia weakness falling

deafness

conversion disorder was originally combined with the syndrome known as somatization disorder and was referred to as hysteria conversion reaction dissociative reaction all of the above

all of the above

motor symptoms in conversion disorder pseudocyesis astasia-abasia tunnel vision blindness

astasia-abasia

6-month prevalence of illness anxiety disorder 4 to 6 percent 25 percent 50 percent 1 percent

4 to 6 percent

psychoanalytic factors in conversion disorder A. classically conditioned learned behavior; symptoms of illness, learned in childhood, are called forth as a means of coping with an otherwise impossible situation B. hypometabolism of the dominant hemisphere and hypermetabolism of the nondominant hemisphere; C. impaired hemispheric communication D. repression of unconscious intrapsychic conflict and conversion of anxiety into a physical symptom E. all of the above

D. repression of unconscious intrapsychic conflict and conversion of anxiety into a physical symptom

regarding motor symptoms in conversion disorder patients rarely fall; they are generally not injured distribution of the involved muscles does not conform to the neural pathways reflexes remain normal all of the above

all of the above

inappropriately cavalier attitude toward serious symptoms; the patient seems to be unconcerned about what appears to be a major impairment secondary gain la belle indifference primary gain identification

la belle indifference

delirium was associated with worse outcomes after surgery, even after controlling for severity of medical illness True False

True

repeated use of a drug or chemical substance, with or without physical dependence Dependence Abuse Misuse Codependence

Dependence

The prevalence of moderate to severe dementia in the general population older than 65 years of age is approximately 15 to 20 percent 50 percent 20 to 40 percent 5 percent

5 percent

a frequent sleep problem among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, estimated to occur in 44 to 83 percent of school-aged children insomnia hypersomnia nightmares none of the above

insomnia

somatic symptom disorder reportedly occur in about 3 percent of medical students, usually in the first 2 years and they are generally chronic True False

True

conversion finding when patient with severe bilateral blindness is instructed to look at his/her hand patient flinches patient does not look there patient looks at hand none of the above

patient does not look there

wildly ataxic, staggering gait accompanied by gross, irregular, jerky truncal movements and thrashing and waving arm movements globus hystericus pseudocyesis opisthotonus astasia-abasia

astasia-abasia

6-month prevalence of somatic symptom disorder 4 to 6 percent 1 percent 25 percent 50 percent

4 to 6 percent

motor symptoms in conversion disorder tunnel vision blindness anesthesia tics

tics

an illness of symptoms or deficits that affect voluntary motor or sensory functions illness anxiety disorder panic disorder functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder) somatic symptom disorder

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

thought, judgment, and restraint are loosened and sometimes disrupted with this blood alcohol concentration 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.05%

0.05%

associated with long-term heavy use of cannabis and has been characterized by a person’s unwillingness to persist in a task—be it at school, at work, or in any setting that requires prolonged attention or tenacity Cannabis Intoxication Delirium Cannabis Withdrawal amotivational syndrome Cannabis-Induced Anxiety Disorder

amotivational syndrome

differential diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder include medical conditions illness anxiety disorder panic disorder all of the above

all of the above

motor symptoms in conversion disorder diarrhea torticollis urinary retention globus hystericus

torticollis

somatic symptom disorder most commonly appears in persons 40 to 50 years of age 20 to 30 years of age 50 to 60 years of age 60 to 70 years of age

20 to 30 years of age

personality disorders co-morbid with conversion disorder borderline passive-dependent schizotypal antisocial

passive-dependent

sensory deficits in conversion disorder opisthotonus blindness abnormal gait seizures

blindness

in the context of neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, depression, psychosis, and behavioral disturbances are significant predictors of functional decline, institutionalization, and caregiver burden True False

True

usually applies to drug prescribed by physicians that are not used properly Misuse Codependence Dependence Abuse

Misuse

Hyperactivity and inattention are both common behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorder True False

True

core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include a. persistent deficits in social communication and interaction b. restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities c. both of the above

c. both of the above

conversion disorder suggests another medical condition, but is judged to be caused by psychological factors because the illness is preceded by conflicts or other stressors True False

True

which of the following statements regarding treatment approach to somatic symptom disorder is false a. frequent, regularly scheduled physical examinations help to reassure patients that their physicians are not abandoning them and that their complaints are being taken seriously b. invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should only be undertaken when objective evidence calls for them c. the clinician should always treat equivocal or incidental physical examination findings d. all of the above

c. the clinician should always treat equivocal or incidental physical examination findings

social learning model for illness anxiety disorder a. sick role offers an escape that allows a patient to be excused from usual duties and obligations b. anger of patients with illness anxiety disorder originates in past disappointments, rejections, and losses c. fear of illness is also viewed as a defense against guilt, a sense of innate badness, an expression of low self - esteem, and a sign of excessive self-concern d. all of the above

d. all of the above

most common conversion disorder symptoms paralysis, blindness, and mutism seizures, anesthesia, diarrhea astasia-abasia, seizures, pseudocyesis none of the above

paralysis, blindness, and mutism

pseudoseizures in conversion disorder are difficult to differentiate from an actual seizure by clinical observation True False

True

in conversion disorder, ratio of women to men among adult patients is at least 2 to 1 and as much as 10 to True False

True

personality disorders co-morbid with conversion disorder paranoid schizoid histrionic schizotypal

histrionic

patients unconsciously model their symptoms on those of someone important to them identification primary gain secondary gain la belle indifference

identification

large group of organic molecules that have a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom amphetamine methamphetamine alcohol delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

alcohol

Some children with autism spectrum disorder vocalize noises—clicks, screeches, or nonsense syllables— in a stereotyped fashion, without a seeming intent of communication True False

True

# 1. psychiatric disorders are also linked to nonadherence with safe sex guidelines and with use of sterile needles in HIV-infected injection drug users True False

True

patients in the general hospital have the highest rate of psychiatric disorders when compared with community samples or patients in ambulatory primary care True False

True

# 1. diagnosis may also be used for persons who do, in fact, have a medical illness but whose anxiety is out of proportion to their diagnosis and who assume the worst possible outcome imaginable somatic symptom disorder illness anxiety disorder conversion disorder generalized anxiety disorder

illness anxiety disorder

# 1. use of any drug in a manner that deviates from approved social or medical patterns Dependence Codependence Abuse Misuse

Abuse

most common physical effects of cannabis dysregulation of menstrual cycles dilation of the conjunctival blood vessels (red eye) and mild tachycardia dry mouth depersonalization and derealization

dilation of the conjunctival blood vessels (red eye) and mild tachycardia

By about age 5 years, 15 to 20 percent of children with autism spectrum disorder developed macrocephaly True False

True

in conversion disorder, all sensory modalities can be involved; distribution of the disturbance is inconsistent with either central or peripheral neurological disease True False

True

# 1. differential diagnosis for illness anxiety disorder include conversion disorder somatic symptom disorder generalized anxiety disorder all of the above

all of the above

Course and prognosis of illness anxiety disorder may extrapolate from the course of somatic symptom disorder, which is usually episodic True False

True

# 1. in somatic symptom disorder, beliefs are not sufficiently fixed to be delusions True False

True???

depression is both a risk factor and a poor prognostic indicator in coronary artery disease True False

True

learning theory in conversion disorder states that symptoms are/ results from: a) classically conditioned learned behavior; symptoms of illness, learned in childhood, are called forth as a means of coping with an otherwise impossible situation b) hypometabolism of the dominant hemisphere and hypermetabolism of the nondominant hemisphere; impaired hemispheric communication c) repression of unconscious intrapsychic conflict and conversion of anxiety into a physical symptom - d) all of the above

a) classically conditioned learned behavior; symptoms of illness, learned in childhood, are called forth as a means of coping with an otherwise impossible situation

conversion finding when examiner drops paralyzed hand onto face hand falls next to face, not on it hands falls on face hand stays, does not fall none of the above

hand falls next to face, not on it

men and women are equally affected by somatic symptom disorder True False

True

function of entire motor area of the brain is measurably depressed and the parts of the brain that control emotional behavior are also affected 0.05% 0.1% 0.2% 2.0.3%

0.2%

at this blood alcohol concentration, voluntary motor actions usually become perceptibly clumsy a. 0.05% b. 0.1% c. 0.2% d. 0.3%

b. 0.1%

at this blood alcohol concentration, a person is commonly confused or may become stuporous a. 0.05% b. 0.1% c. 0.2% d. 0.3%

d. 0.3%

at this blood alcohol concentration, a person is falls into a coma a. 0.4-0.5% b.1% c. 2% d. 3%

a. 0.4-0.5%

late onset, more evidence of psychological than of physical dependence and the presence of guilt feelings a. type 1, male-limited variety of alcohol dependence b. type 2, male-limited varoety of alcohol dependece

a. type 1, male-limited variety of alcohol dependence

As a conservative approach to identify blood levels that are likely to have major effects on driving abilities, the legal definition of intoxication in most states in US requires a blood concentration of 80 or 100 mg ethanol per deciliter of blood (mg/dL) which is the same as 0.08 to 0.10 g/dL 12 g/dl 8-10 g/dl 1-2 g/dl

0.08 to 0.10 g/dL

In alcohol withdrawal, the psychotic and perceptual symptoms begin how many hours after the cessation of drinking a. 8-12 hours b. 12-24 hours c. first 72 hours d. none of the above

a. 8-12 hours

In alcohol withdrawal, seizures begin how many hours after the cessation of drinking a. 8-12 hours b. 12-24 hours c. first 72 hours d. none of the above

b. 12-24 hours

In alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens begin how many hours after the cessation of drinking a. anytime during the first 72 hours b. 8-12 hours c. 12-24 hours d. none of the above

a. anytime during the first 72 hours

primary medication to control alcohol withdrawal symptoms are the a. benzodiazepines b. antipsychotic c. mood stabilizers d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

a. benzodiazepines

psychodynamic factors in the etiology of substance abuse include a. substance abuse is a masturbatory equivalent b. drug use can be viewed as behavior maintained by its consequences c. the dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area are particularly important d. drugs can reinforce antecedent behaviors by terminating some noxious or aversive state such as paon, anxiety, or depression

a. substance abuse is a masturbatory equivalent

learning and conditioning theories of substance abuse include a. defense against anxious impulses b. manifestation of oral regression c. reflection of disturbed ego function d. drug use can be viewed as behavioral maintained by its consequences

d. drug use can be viewed as behavioral maintained by its consequences

consequences of Cannabis Use Disorder that is considered rare a. cannabis intoxication b. cannabis withdrawal c. cannabis induced psychotic disorder d. alzheimer's disease

c. cannabis induced psychotic disorder

also called alcoholic encephalopathy, is an acute neurological disorder characterized by ataxia affecting primarily the gait, vestibular dysfunction, confusion and a variety of ocular motility abnormalities, including horizontal nystagmus, lateral orbital palsy, and gaze palsy a. wernickes encephaloptahy b. korsakoffs syndrome c. delirium tremens d. amotivational syndrome

a. wernickes encephaloptahy

4TH BIMONTHLY RECALLS Flashcards

(114 cards)