5. The Urinary System Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
at what point does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?
A
12th thoracic vertebral level
2
Q
at what point does the inferior vena cava (IVC) pass through the diaphragm?
A
8th thoracic verterbral level
3
Q
Origination of the common iliac artery
A
abdominal aorta
4
Q
what does the common iliac artery supply? (2)
A
lower limb
pelvis
5
Q
name of poles on kidney
A
superior and inferior
6
Q
name of curved outer surface of kidney
A
lateral surface
7
Q
which is longer, right or left renal vein?
A
left
8
Q
where do the renal veins originate from?
A
IVC
9
Q
describe the positioning of the IVC to the aorta
A
IVC is to the right and anterior to aorta
10
Q
Where does the renal vein branch?
A
at the kidney hilum
11
Q
where does the right gonadal vein drain into?
A
IVC
12
Q
where does the left gonadol vein drain into?
A
left renal vein
13
Q
where does the gonadal vein originate from?
A
gonads
14
Q
Name of gonadal vein in females
A
ovarian vein
15
Q
Name of gonadal vein in males
A
testicular vein
16
Q
where does the renal artery originate from?
A
abdominal aorta
17
Q
where does the renal artery branch off the aorta?
A
L1-2
18
Q
which is the most posterior structure on the kidney?
A
renal pelvis
19
Q
structure extending from renal pelvis
A
ureter
20
Q
role of renal pelvis
A
collects urine from kidneys
21
Q
how to differentiate between R and L kidney
A
anteriorly, the right is C shaped
22
Q
outer section of crosssectional kidney
A
cortex
23
Q
inner section of cross sectional kidney
A
medulla
24
Q
name of collecting ducts in kidney
A
minor calyx
25
what do minor calyx join up to
major calyx
26
name of protuding parts of the cortex into the medulla
renal columns
27
what do the renal pyramids contain
nephrons
28
role of nephrons
absorb water and produce urine
29
where are suprarenal glands
superior to kidneys
30
name of 3 muscles nearby kidney
1. psoas major
2. quadratus lumborum
3. Iliacus
31
which muscle lies directly beneath the kidneys
psoas major
32
where does the psoas major originate from
lumbar regions of thoracic vertebrae
33
which is more superior, the quadratus lumborum or the iliacus?
quadratus lumborum
34
where does the quadratus lumborum originate from?
12th rib
35
where does the quadratus lumborum extend to?
iliac crest
36
which muscle sits next to the iliac fossa?
iliacus
37
name of muscle that joins iliacus and psoas major
iliopsoas
38
function of iliopsoas
flexor of thigh at hip joint
39
how many nerves does the kidney sit on?>
3
40
name all 3 nerves, superior to inferior
1. subcostal nerve
2. iliohypogastric nerve
3. ilioinguinal nerve
41
which nerve orginates from the 12th spinal cord segment?
subcostal nerve
42
where do the other 2 nerves originate from?
L1 spinal cord segment
43
are all these nerves somatic or autonomic?
somatic
44
sensory innervation from...
surrounding skin
45
motor innervation from.....
muscles of anterior lateral abdominal wall
46
what does the common iliac artery bifurcate into and state the position of these
external iliac artery (L)
| internal iliac artery (R)
47
at what point does the ureter enter the pelvis
the birfurcation of the common iliac artery
48
are adrenal glands part of the urinary system?
no
49
the kidneys are retroperitoneal, what does this mean?
behind the peritoneum
50
why is the right kidney lower than the left?
liver
51
which ribs does the right kidney lie on?
12th
52
which ribs does the left kidney lie on?
11th and 12th
53
what is perinephric fat?
fat around renal corpuscle
54
what is paranephric fat?
fat posterior to the kidney
55
where in the kidney are renal corpuscles?
renal cortex
56
what is a renal sinus?
```
a cavity which contains the:
renal pelvis
calyx
renal blood vessels
nerves
```
57
which structures unite to form the ureteric pelvis?
major calyces
58
what structures make up the renal hilum, anterior to posterior?
1. renal vein
2. renal artery
3. ureter
59
what is an accessory renal artery?
extra renal arteries
60
origin of accessory renal artery
aorta
61
which veins drain into the left renal vein? (2)
1. left gonadal vein
| 2. left suprarenal vein
62
Medical term for inflammation/infection of the kidney
pyelonephritis
63
symptoms of pyelonephritis
fever, sickness, back pain
64
what can pyelonephritis cause?
kidney failure, septicaemia
65
medical term for kidney stones
renal calculus
66
what can kidney stones cause blockage of
ureter and urethra
67
symptoms of kidney stones
blockes bladder, severe abdomen pain
68
what is a nephrostomy?
opening between the kidney and skin - inserting a tube so the urine enters an external bag
69
when are nephrostomies perfomes?
blood clot, kidney stones, blocked ureter
70
what 2 organs are the suprarenal glands in contact with?
kidney and diaphragm
71
how many arteries supply each adrenal gland?
3
72
why are adrenal glands highly vascularised?
endocrine gland - excrete hormone into the blood stream
73
Name the 3 arteries that supply the adrenal glands
superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries
74
origin of the superior suprarenal artery (2)
inferior phrenic artery - aorta
75
origin of the middle suprarenal artery
aorta
76
origin of the inferior suprarenal artery (2)
renal artery - Aorta
77
where does the right suprarenal vein drain into?
IVC
78
where does the left suprarenal vein drain into?
left renal vein
79
what type of muscle is in the ureter
smooth muscle
80
what type of epithelia lines the ureter?
transitional
81
where does the ureter carry urine to and from?
kidneys to bladder
82
which joint is posterior to the common iliac artery?
sacro-iliac joint
83
Name of ureter soon as it leaves the kidney
renal pelvis
84
where does the abdominal ureter span from
renal pelvis to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery
85
what is the name of the ureter when it enters the interal sphincter of the urinary bladder
pelvic ureter
86
where does the intravesical ureter span to and from
urinary bladder to the urethra
87
what crosses the ureter in males?
vas deferens
88
what crosses the ureter in females?
uterine artery
89
blood supply to upper ureter
renal artery
90
blood supply to middle ureter (2)
common iliac artery, gonadal artery
91
blood supply to the distal ureter (male and female)
internal iliac artery
Male - superior vesicle artery
Female - uterine artery
92
uterine artery lies _____ to the ureter
anterior
93
vas deferens lies ______ to the ureter
anterior
94
3 places where the ureter narrows
1. uteropelvis junction
2. pelvic brim
3. where ureter enters bladder
95
where are kidney stones most likely to get stuck
areas where the ureter narrows
96
which bone is anterior to the bladder
pubic symphysis
97
name of space between the bladder and pubic symphysis
retropubic space
98
what type of muscle is in the bladder
detrusor
99
when the bladder is empty, where does it lie in the body?
only the pelvis
100
when the bladder fills, where does it extend to?
lower anterior abdominal wall
101
where can the bladder maximumly stretch to?
umbilicus level
102
how many surfaces does the bladder have?
4
103
how many regions does the bladder have?
4
104
Name the 4 regions of the bladder
body, apex, fundus (base), neck
105
name the 4 surfaces of bladder
superior
base/posterior
left and right inferolateral
106
what structures lie posterior to bladder in males (2)?
rectum
| anus
107
what structures lie posterior to bladder in females (4)?
rectum
anus
uterus
vagina
108
in what position do the ureters enter the bladder?
posterolaterally
109
why do the ureters enter the bladder posterolaterally?
one way valve - prevent backflow of urine
110
name of tissue at the base of the urinary bladder
trigone
111
what is the trigone between?
urethra and ureter
112
normal capacity of the bladder
400-600mL
113
relaxing of the bladder muscles is which part of the autonomic NS?
parasympathetic
114
what is urinary retention
producing urine but cannot urinate
115
what is urinary incontinence
cannot voluntarily supress urination
116
treatment of urinary retention
catheterisation
117
what is suprapubic catheterisation
created a opening between the urinary bladder and the skin
118
at which point do the urethra and bladder communicate?
internal urethral orifice
119
name of point where urethra opens into the external environment
external urethral orifice
120
which region is the external urethral orifice located?
perineum
121
where is the external urethral orifice found in females?
vestibule of the vagina
122
where is the external urethral orifice found in males?
tip of penis
123
who has a longer external urethral orifice m/f?
males
124
who are more prone to UTIs m/f?
female
125
reason for UTI to be more common in females
shorter space - smaller distance for bacteria to travel
126
how many parts is the male urethra made from?
4
127
Name 4 male urethra parts from pelvis to perineum:
1. pre-prostatic
2. prostatic
3. membranous
4. spongy
128
Section of male urethra: external orifice
spongy
129
Section of male urethra: neck of bladder to prostate
pre-prostatic
130
where does the prostatic urethra travel through?
prostate, ejaculatory ducts
131
Section of male urethra: pelvic floor, deep perineal pouch , sphincter
membranous
132
what does IVP stand for
intravenous pyelogram
133
how do kidney stones show up on an IVP?
radiopaque
