5018 Unit 3

Question 1

Simplest arrangement where you deliver a discrete consequence for each discrete response

Answer 1

Continuous reinforcement

Question 2

Reinforcement only sometimes follows target response

Answer 2

Intermittent reinforcement

Question 3

Reinforcement is provided following a pre-specified number of responses

Answer 3

Ratio schedules

Question 4

Two Varieties of Ratio Schedule

Answer 4

Fixed Ratio (FR)
Variable Ratio (VR)

Question 5

Deliver reinforcer after the last of a fixed number of responses

Answer 5

Fixed Ratio

Question 6

Arrange reinforcers for the last of number of responses that varies from one reinforcer to the next

Answer 6

Variable Ratio

Question 7

Reinforcement provided for the first response that follows some amount of time

Answer 7

Interval Schedules

Question 8

Two Varieties of Interval Schedule

Answer 8

Fixed-interval (FI)

Variable-interval (VI)

Question 9

Reinforcement delivered contingent on first response after some constant time period has elapsed

Answer 9

Fixed-interval

Question 10

Arrange reinforcers contingent on first response after a specified time, but time varies from one reinforcer to the next

Answer 10

Variable-interval

Question 11

Deliver stimuli known in other contexts to be reinforcers solely on the basis of time independent of responding

Answer 11

Response-independent schedules (time-based)

Question 12

Two Varieties of Time-Based Schedule

Answer 12

Fixed Time (FT)
Variable Time (VT)

Question 13

Reinforcer delivered after some constant time period has elapsed

Answer 13

Fixed Time (FT)

Question 14

Arrange reinforcers after a specified time, but the time varies from one reinforcer to the next

Answer 14

Variable Time

Question 15

Some responses are reinforced and others are not

Answer 15

Differential Reinforcement

Question 16

t s without response, then 1 response, decrease or slow down bx

Answer 16

DRL (low rate)

Question 17

1 response within t s or less of last response; increase or speed up bx

Answer 17

DRH (high rate)

Question 18

t s without a response

Answer 18

DRO (omission)

Question 19

contingent on alternative response, often in the absence of target response

Answer 19

DRA (alternative)

Question 20

Task materials and relevant instructions do not occasion predetermined level of performance in absence of prompts

Answer 20

Skill deficit

Question 21

The skill is intact, but the person is unmotivated to respond under appropriate stimulus conditions

Answer 21

Performance (motivational) deficit

Question 22

Some property of responding is gradually changed by differentially reinforcing successive approximations to target behavior

Answer 22

Shaping

Question 23

Components of Shaping

Answer 23

Reinforcement and Extinction

Question 24

This shaping component increases response variability allowing novel response form to contact reinforcement

Answer 24

Extinction

Question 25

Ways to increase response diversity

Answer 25

Extinction | Lag reinforcement schedules

Question 26

Number of responses separating current response from an earlier one like it

Answer 26

Lag

Question 27

Current response is reinforced if it differs from the last preceding responses along the specified dimension

Answer 27

Lag reinforcement schedule

Question 28

Reinforcing only unprompted correct responses lead to

Answer 28

infrequent reinforcers

Question 29

Reinforcing physically guided responses lead to

Answer 29

risk of strengthening behavior that will not generalize beyond the learning setting

Question 30

Ultimate goal of prompting

Answer 30

promote independent responding

Question 31

Naturally related to the responses that produce it

Answer 31

Intrinsic reward

Question 32

Arbitrarily related to the responses that produce it

Answer 32

Extrinsic reward

Question 33

Sr+ contingencies (extrinsic rewards) lead to decrements in enjoyment (intrinsic rewards) and thus result in decreases in engagement

Answer 33

Overjustification Theory

Question 34

What accounts for lessened intrinsic motivation

Answer 34

Contrast Effects | Learned Helplessness Phenomena

Question 35

Changes in rate of Sr+ under one condition can produce an opposite change in rate of responding in another condition

Answer 35

Contrast Effects

Question 36

In performance-independent reward, "it doesn't matter how well I do"

Answer 36

Learner Helplessness Phenomena

Question 37

A prediction conducted under very low effort requirements often with simplistic responses and predictions do not necessarily guarantee utility of stimulus in actual training or treatment

Answer 37

Stimulus Preference Assessments (SPA)

Question 38

General experimental arrangements for Sr+ assessments

Answer 38

Single Operant Concurrent Schedule Progressive Ratio Demand Curves

Question 39

Three General Categories of SPAs

Answer 39

Indirect Preference Assessment Naturalistic (in-vivo) direct observation Direct Preference Assessment

Question 40

Direct Preference Assessment Methods

Answer 40

Single Item/ Approach Method Paired-Stimulus Preference Assessment Multiple-Stimulus Preference Assessment Duration Based Preference Assessment

Question 41

AKA single-stimulus assessment; place one item in front of the person; measure whether or not they approach the item; hierarchy based on approaches/ trials

Answer 41

Single Item/ Approach Method

Question 42

AKA forced choice PA; stimuli presented in pairs

Answer 42

Paired-Stimulus Preference Assessment

Question 43

Present all items in the array spontaneously

Answer 43

Multiple-Stimulus Preference Assessment

Question 44

Formula for number of trials in Paired-stimulus PA

Answer 44

Number of trials= n(n-1)/2, where n is total number of stimuli included

Question 45

Variations of Multiple Stimulus PA

Answer 45

MSW | MSWO

Question 46

Items are presented to the individual and the proportion of time spent engaging with the items is recorded

Answer 46

Duration-based Preference Assessment

Question 47

Variations of Duration-based PA

Answer 47

Free operant/ multiple item Single item presentation Competing Stimulus Preference Assessment

Question 48

Duration-based assessment used to determine the extent to which stimuli displace problem behavior

Answer 48

Competing Stimulus Preference Assessment

Question 49

Stimulus Preference Assessment for Individuals with Profound Disabilities

Answer 49

Microswitches | Indices of happiness

Question 50

Selection controlled by location rather than by the items themselves

Answer 50

Position Bias

Question 51

Ways to Eliminate Position Bias

Answer 51

Quality Training | Magnitude Training

Question 52

ABLA

Answer 52

Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities

Question 53

An important consideration when selecting reinforcers

Answer 53

Ecological Fit of Reinforcers