Factors affecting the participant

Question 1

State and describe the three body types?

Answer 1

Ectomorphs - narrow-shaped body, are thin faced, with little fat or muscle. This is the ideal body type for long-distance runners. ​
Mesomorphs - wedge-shaped body, wide shoulders, narrow hips, muscular. Ideal body type for sprinters. ​Endomorphs - pear-shaped body, wide hips, wide shoulders, can have a lot fat on body, arms and thighs. When fit, ideal body type for weightlifting, wrestling.

Question 2

How does age affect the participant?

Answer 2

Stroke volume, cardiac output and oxygen capacity decrease ​
Muscles reduce in size and muscle strength decreases. ​
Body fat builds up as you are less able to use it for energy.

Question 3

How does gender affect the participant?

Answer 3

Physique – Women are generally smaller and have higher % of fat​
O2 Carrying Capacity – Lower for women due to smaller heart and lungs​
Strength and Power – Lower for women due to less muscle mass​
Hormone Imbalance – Affects woman due to menstruation ​
Metabolic Rate – Lower for female due to higher % body fat and lower muscle mass

Question 4

How does environment affect the participant?

Answer 4

Weather – Affects ability to train​
Pollution – High levels of pollution are serious health risk​
Altitude – Living and training at high altitude can aid in endurance events​
Humidity – High levels of humidity and heat make it difficult to keep the body cool and increase dehydration​
Terrain – Some sports require a specific landscape

Question 5

How does disability affect the participant?

Answer 5

Facilities are legally required such as access (wide doorways, wheelchair access and ramps), parking (disabled bays), provision (disabled toilets, activities)

Question 6

How does culture affect the participant?

Answer 6

Traditional values​
Single sex rules​
Strict dress codes