lactation

Question 1

what is the name of the first milk produced

Answer 1

colostrum

Question 2

how long should women breast feed exclusively for

Answer 2

6 months

Question 3

what are the health benefits of breast feeding to the baby

Answer 3

reduced infection
diabetes, asthma, eczema 
reduced lactose intolerance
improved psychomotor and intelligence
decreased obesity
reduced autoimmune disease
risk of autoimmune disease
reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome

Question 4

what are the health benefits of breast feeding to the mother

Answer 4

promotes recovery
promotes return of normal body weight
reduced risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer
improves bones

Question 5

what is lactational amenorrhoea

Answer 5

prolactin suppresses GnRH and so FSH and LH reduced

follicular growth, ovulation and menstruation reduced

Question 6

describe the male breast/ breast at birth

Answer 6

lactiferous ducts without alveoli

Question 7

describe the breast at puberty

Answer 7

oestrogen causes the ducts to proliferate and alveoli form at the ends of the branches
at each menstrual cycle the alveoli proliferate and may secrete

Question 8

describe the breast changes during pregnancy

Answer 8

oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin causes the glandular portion of the breast to hypertrophy
alveoli acquire a lumen
ready by week 16

adipose tissue regresses to be replaced with glandular tissue

Question 9

what are alveoli made from

Answer 9

modified sebaceous glands

they empty via lactiferous ducts that form lactiferous sinuses which open on to the areola

Question 10

what cells contain receptors for oxytocin

Answer 10

myoepithelial cells

which surround the alveolus

Question 11

what cells have receptors for prolactin

Answer 11

secretory alveoli cells

Question 12

what 3 tissue types make up the breast

Answer 12

fibrous
glandular
adipose

Question 13

what are the two components of lactation

Answer 13

milk production and let down aka milk production reflex

Question 14

what initiates lactation after delivery

Answer 14

precipitous drop in progesterone and oestrogen after delivery

Question 15

what hormone sustains milk production

Answer 15

each time mother nurses prolactin surges from nipple to hypothalamus

Question 16

what hormone is produced when not nursing

Answer 16

prolactin inhibitory hormone which is produced by the hypothalamus

Question 17

what inhibits lactation during pregnancy

Answer 17

progesterone and oestrogen and human placental lactogen

hPL

Question 18

what is the role of prolactin in the suckling reflex

Answer 18

suckling inhibits release of dopamine (PIF) and prolactin is released in proportion to the strength and duration of suckling

Question 19

where is oxytocin produced

Answer 19

hypothalamus and carried to the posterior pituritary gland

causes let down

Question 20

what conditioned reflexes stimulates let down

Answer 20

baby crying

Question 21

what hormones inhibit oxytocin

Answer 21

catecholamines (stress)

Question 22

what type of secretion is milk

Answer 22

apocrine

Question 23

describe the synthesis of milk

Answer 23

milk fat moves in lipid droplets which are pinched off into the lumen

milk protein passes through the golgi apparatus and is exocytosed

Question 24

how long is colostrum produced for

Answer 24

a week

Question 25

when is mature milk produced

Answer 25

after 3 weeks

Question 26

describe the difference between colostrum and milk

Answer 26

milk has more calories, more carbs, more fat, more water soluble vitamins,

less protein, fewer fat soluble vitamins (A) less zinc and sodium, fewer antibodies

Question 27

how much milk is produced per day

Answer 27

800mls

Question 28

what is the main energy source in milk

Answer 28

fat

Question 29

what is the main carb found in milk

Answer 29

lactose

promotes growth of lactobacillus bifidus
provides galactose for myelin

Question 30

what proteins are found in milk

Answer 30

casein and lactalbumin

Question 31

what fat soluble vitamins are found in milk

Answer 31

A, D, E, K

Question 32

what water soluble vitamins are found in milk

Answer 32

B6 and 12, C, folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine

Question 33

how many sp of bacteria are in breast milk

Answer 33

600 sp

Question 34

what does colostrum contain

Answer 34

lots of proteins, antibodies and vitamins

Question 35

what is PIF the same as

Answer 35

dopamine

inhibits prolactin