Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Question 1

When does rhinosinusitis commonly occur?

Answer 1

Post viral inflammation

Question 2

Complications of which URTI include osteomyelitis, meningitis, cerebral abscess

Answer 2

Rhinosinusitis

Question 3

Pharyngitis is usually viral and a feature of the common cold, but can be caused by what group of bacteria? And how may this present?

Answer 3

Streptococcal: scarlet’s fever (widespread rash), henoch schonlein purpura, glomerulonephritis or rheumatic fever

Question 4

Complication of glandular fever? Avoid which antibiotic in treatment of EBV?

Answer 4

Splenic rupture. Avoid ampicillin-gives rash

Question 5

Important question to ask patients with suspected diptheria

Answer 5

Travel history?

Question 6

Antibiotics or steroids can sometimes cause what oral infection?

Answer 6

Candida

Question 7

Cherry red airway obstruction. ‘hot potato’ speech, Young children. Do not swab.

Answer 7

Epiglottitis

Question 8

What is the usual cause of epiglottitis?

Answer 8

Haemophilu influenzae type B prior to vaccine

Question 9

Another term for croup

Answer 9

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 10

Does croup affect upper or lower airways? Viral or bacterial?

Answer 10

Upper airways. Viral

Question 11

2 stages of whooping cough

Answer 11

Catarrhal phase- build up of phlegm

Whooping- paroxysms(short burts on exhalation, whoops on inhalation)

Question 12

Complications of what upper airway infection may cause otitis media, pneumonia, convulsions, subconjunctival haemorrhages etc.

Answer 12

Whooping cough

Question 13

Discharge of the ear

Answer 13

Otorrhoea

Question 14

3 types of otitis externa

Answer 14

Acute, chronic, malignant

Question 15

Usual causes of acute otitis externa

Answer 15

S.Aureus if pustular

Pseudomonas if after swimming

Question 16

Treatment for acute otitis externa

Answer 16

Saline and/or alcohol and acetic acid. Topical drops (may contain antibiotics, antifungals and steroids)

Question 17

Cause of chronic otitis externa

Answer 17

Irritation from drainage from perforated tympanic membrane.

Question 18

What antibiotics should you avoid using in chronic otitis externa

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin- can cause deafness

Question 19

Cause of malignant otitis external

Answer 19

Pseudomonal aeroginosa

Question 20

Otitis media is common in which age group?

Answer 20

Children

Question 21

3 usual suspects for URTI

Answer 21

H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M.catarrhalis

Question 22

Inflammation fo mastoid air cells after middle ear infection

Answer 22

Mastoiditis

Question 23

How do you diagnose mastoiditis?

Answer 23

Imaging (CT)

Question 24

1st line treatment for mastoiditis

Answer 24

Co-amoxiclav

Question 25

Infection of head and neck

Answer 25

vincent’s angina

Question 26

Desribe the usual antibiotic treatment for URTIs

Answer 26

Amoxicillin/penicillin. Erythromycin used if allergic to penicillin or for whooping cough/diptheria