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Clinical Pathology > Urinary Tract Infections > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Commensal flora in the kidneys/ureter

A

Considered sterile

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2
Q

Commensal flora in the bladder

A

Almost always sterile

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3
Q

Commensal flora in the urethra

A

Perineal flora (skin/lower GI tract flora)

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4
Q

What organisms make up the perineal flora?

A

Skin flora-coagulase -ve staphylococci

Lower GI flora-anaerobic bacteria,aerobic bacteria (enterobacteriaeceae), gram +ve cocci-enterococcus

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5
Q

Lower UTI

A

Cystitis

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6
Q

Symptoms of cystitis

A 
Dysuria
Urinary frequency
Urgency
Supra-pubic pain/tenderness
Polyuria,nocturia, haematuria
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7
Q

Upper UTI- infection of kidney and/or pelvis

A

Pyelonephritis

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8
Q

What additional symptoms do you get in pyelonephritis?

A

Fever or other evidence of systemic infection

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9
Q

Abacterial cystitis- symptoms of UTI without infection

A

Urethral syndrome

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10
Q

Who typically gets urethral syndrome?

A

30-50yrs women.

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11
Q

What are the possible causes of urethral syndrome?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, hormone imbalances etc.

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12
Q

Who defined ‘significant bacteriuria’ and what level is classes as significant?

A

Kass criteria

10(5)cfu/ml

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13
Q

what does cfu stand for?

A

colony forming units

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14
Q

Significant bacteriuria with a single organism but no symptoms of UTI

A

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

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15
Q

Pus cells in urine, no organisms grown

A

Sterile pyruria

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16
Q

Predisposing factors for UTI

A

Female
Urinary stasis-pregnancy, prostatic hypertrophy, stones, strictures, neoplasia, residual urine
Instrumentation
Sexual intercourse
Fistulae-recto-vesical, vesico-vaginal
Congenital abnormalities e.g. vesico-ureteric reflux

17
Q

Sources of UTI infection

A

Perineum
Fistulae-genital/GI tract to urinary tract
Haematogenous

18
Q

3 causes of sterile pyruia

A

Inhibition of bacterial growth e.g. unprescribed antibiotics
Fastidious (hard to grow) organisms
Urinary tract inflammation

19
Q

4 types of investigations for someone with a UTI

A

Urinanalysis
Blood tests
Microbiological
Imaging

20
Q

Name 5 types of urine samples

A 
Mid stream
Catheter urine
'clean catch'
supra-pubic aspirate
early morning urine (whole contents of bladder_
21
Q

When would you carry out an early morning urine test?

A

Suspected urinary TB

22
Q

When would you carry out a blood test?

A

suspected pyelonephritis

23
Q

Name 4 UTI antibiotics

A

Nitrofurantoin
Pivmecillinam
Trimethoprim
Fosfomycin

24
Q

When woudl you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

Pregnant women, infants or prior to urological procedures

25
Q

How does the course of antibiotics for cystitis vary between men and women?

A

Longer course for men (7 days compared to 3)

26
Q

Treatment for pyelonephritis

A

Cefuoroxime
Ciprofloxacin
Piperacillin-tazobactam if >65 yrs

Clinical Pathology (53 decks)

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