50s + 60s

Question 1

What psychological evidence did Thurgood Marshall use in Brown v. Board?

Answer 1

“Doll tests” (showed segregation harmed Black children’s self-esteem).

Question 2

What year did Smith v. Allwright ban whites-only primaries?

Answer 2

1944

Question 3

How many SC justices ruled unanimously in Brown v. Board?

Answer 3

9-0.

Question 4

How many Southern schools desegregated by 1957?

Answer 4

750 of 6300.

Question 5

What year was the NAACP banned in Alabama?

Answer 5

1956

Question 6

T____ M____ was the NAACP’s chief lawyer in Brown v. Board.

Answer 6

Thurgood Marshall.

Question 7

*Shelley v. K____ (1948) banned enforcement of housing covenants.

Answer 7

Kraemer.

Question 8

The S____ M____ (1956) pledged resistance to desegregation.

Answer 8

Southern Manifesto.

Question 9

*Boynton v. V____ (1960) outlawed segregated bus terminals.

Answer 9

Virginia.

Question 10

How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last?

Answer 10

381 days.

Question 11

What percentage of Montgomery bus riders were Black?

Answer 11

0.75

Question 12

What year did Browder v. Gayle end bus segregation?

Answer 12

1956

Question 13

R____ P____’s arrest sparked the boycott.

Answer 13

Rosa Parks.

Question 14

J____ A____ R____ mobilized protesters via leaflets.

Answer 14

Jo Ann Robinson.

Question 15

MLK founded the S____ to coordinate nonviolent protests.

Answer 15

SCLC.

Question 16

How many cities desegregated facilities by 1961 due to sit-ins?

Answer 16

810

Question 17

In what year were Freedom Riders attacked in Anniston?

Answer 17

1961

Question 18

How many volunteers joined 1964’s Freedom Summer?

Answer 18

1000

Question 19

The Greensboro sit-ins began at W____’s whites-only counter.

Answer 19

Woolworth’s.

Question 20

How many people attended the 1963 March on Washington?

Answer 20

250000

Question 21

What year was the Civil Rights Act passed?

Answer 21

1964

Question 22

What year did Black voter registration in Mississippi reach 59%?

Answer 22

1968 (up from 5%).

Question 23

When was Malcolm X assassinated?

Answer 23

1965

Question 24

S____ C____ popularized “Black Power” in 1966.

Answer 24

Stokely Carmichael.

Question 25

The B____ P____ Party ran free breakfast programs.

Answer 25

Black Panther.

Question 26

What year did Truman desegregate the military?

Answer 26

1948 (Executive Order 9981).

Question 27

*Cooper v. A____ (1958) ruled states must obey SC decisions.

Answer 27

Aaron.

Question 28

President L____ B____ J____ signed the Voting Rights Act.

Answer 28

Lyndon B. Johnson.

Question 29

How many Black students initially tried to integrate Central High in 1957?

Answer 29

9 (the "Little Rock Nine").

Question 30

What Army division was sent to protect the Little Rock Nine?

Answer 30

101st Airborne.

Question 31

How many years passed before all Southern schools fully complied with Brown v. Board?

Answer 31

Over 20 (until the 1970s).

Question 32

Arkansas Governor O____ F____ called the National Guard to block integration.

Answer 32

Orval Faubus.

Question 33

How many Freedom Schools were established in Mississippi in 1964?

Answer 33

41

Question 34

What percentage of Mississippi’s Black population was registered to vote in 1964?

Answer 34

6.7%.

Question 35

How many volunteers were arrested during Freedom Summer?

Answer 35

1000+.

Question 36

COFO (C____ O____ O____) organized Freedom Summer.

Answer 36

Council of Federated Organizations.

Question 37

How many marches occurred in Selma in March 1965?

Answer 37

3 (including "Bloody Sunday").

Question 38

How many marchers were hospitalized after "Bloody Sunday"?

Answer 38

17

Question 39

What percentage of Alabama’s Black population was registered to vote in 1965?

Answer 39

0.23

Question 40

J____ L____ led the Selma-to-Montgomery marches.

Answer 40

John Lewis.

Question 41

President LBJ invoked "W____ S____ O____" in his Voting Rights Act speech.

Answer 41

We Shall Overcome.

Question 42

How many cities experienced riots after MLK’s assassination in 1968?

Answer 42

125+.

Question 43

What year did the Black Panthers march armed into California’s state capitol?

Answer 43

1967

Question 44

H. Rap B____ coined the phrase "Burn baby burn" during riots.

Answer 44

Brown.

Question 45

The N____ of I____ promoted Black separatism before Malcolm X left.

Answer 45

Nation of Islam.

Question 46

How many civil rights acts were passed between 1957–1968?

Answer 46

3 (1957& 1964& 1968).

Question 47

What year did the Supreme Court uphold bus desegregation in Boynton v. Virginia?

Answer 47

1960

Question 48

Senator S____ T____ filibustered the Civil Rights Act for 24 hours.

Answer 48

Strom Thurmond.

Question 49

The C____ R____ D____ (CRD) enforced school desegregation orders.

Answer 49

Civil Rights Division.

Question 50

How many members did the White Citizens’ Councils have by 1956?

Answer 50

250,000.

Question 51

How many Black churches were bombed in Alabama in 1956?

Answer 51

10+.

Question 52

The KKK revived under Grand Wizard R____ S____ in the 1950s.

Answer 52

Robert Shelton.

Question 53

George Wallace famously said

Answer 53

"Segregation now tomorrow forever!"

Question 54

What percentage of Black workers held white-collar jobs by 1968?

Answer 54

10% (up from 5% in 1950).

Question 55

How many Black mayors led major U.S. cities by 1970?

Answer 55

3

Question 56

How many days did the Birmingham campaign last before concessions were won?

Answer 56

37 days (April 3–May 10& 1963).

Question 57

What percentage of Birmingham’s Black population participated in protests?

Answer 57

Estimated 40%.

Question 58

MLK wrote "L____ from B____ J____" during the campaign.

Answer 58

Letter from Birmingham Jail.

Question 59

Business leaders agreed to desegregate lunch counters and hire Black workers in the B____ A____.

Answer 59

Birmingham Accord.

Question 60

What year was SNCC founded at Shaw University?

Answer 60

1960

Question 61

How many volunteers were trained for Mississippi’s Freedom Summer (1964)?

Answer 61

1000+.

Question 62

SNCC’s first chairman was E____ M____.

Answer 62

Ella Baker.

Question 63

The "M____ F____" challenged segregation at bus terminals.

Answer 63

Freedom Rides (1961).

Question 64

SNCC shifted to "B____ P____" under Stokely Carmichael in 1966.

Answer 64

Black Power.

Question 65

How many Black churches were SCLC’s primary network?

Answer 65

Over 100.

Question 66

What year did SCLC’s "C____ for C____" voter drive fail to meet goals?

Answer 66

1958–60 (only 160000 new voters).

Question 67

SCLC’s first president was D____ A____ K____.

Answer 67

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 68

The SCLC’s 1965 Selma campaign focused on the V____ R____ A____.

Answer 68

Voting Rights Act.

Question 69

SCLC’s Chicago campaign targeted ____ discrimination.

Answer 69

Housing.

Question 70

In what year did Bailey v. Patterson reaffirm bans on transport segregation?

Answer 70

1962

Question 71

How many combined cases were included in Brown v. Board?

Answer 71

5 (e.g.& Briggs v. Elliott).

Question 72

*S____ v. K____ (1948) barred courts from enforcing housing covenants.

Answer 72

Shelley v. Kraemer.

Question 73

*B____ v. G____ (1956) supported the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Answer 73

Browder v. Gayle.

Question 74

*C____ v. A____ (1958) required Arkansas to obey Brown v. Board.

Answer 74

Cooper v. Aaron.

Question 75

How many titles did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have?

Answer 75

11 (e.g.& Title II: Public accommodations).

Question 76

What year did the EEOC receive its first 10000 complaints?

Answer 76

1965

Question 77

The F____ H____ A____ (1968) banned racial discrimination in housing.

Answer 77

Fair Housing Act.

Question 78

Senator E____ D____ filibustered the 1964 Act for 14 hours.

Answer 78

Everett Dirksen.

Question 79

The 1968 Act passed days after MLK’s assassination in M____& Tennessee.

Answer 79

Memphis.