Supreme Court

Question 1

Smith v. Allwright

Answer 1

1944+Banned whites-only primary elections in Texas.+Strengthened Black voting rights.+Southern resistance slowed enforcement.

Question 2

Morgan v. Virginia

Answer 2

1946+Ruled segregation on interstate buses unconstitutional.+Challenged transportation segregation.+Local practices often ignored the ruling.

Question 3

Shelley v. Kraemer

Answer 3

1948+Voided racially restrictive housing covenants.+Targeted housing discrimination.+Informal discrimination persisted.

Question 4

Sweatt v. Painter

Answer 4

1950+Ordered integration of UT Law School.+Undermined ‘separate but equal’ in higher ed.+Limited to graduate schools.

Question 5

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 5

1954+Ended school segregation (overturned Plessy).+Landmark for civil rights.+’Massive resistance’ delayed implementation.

Question 6

Brown II

Answer 6

1955+Ordered desegregation ‘with all deliberate speed.’+Clarified Brown but lacked deadlines.+Vague phrasing led to slow compliance.

Question 7

Browder v. Gayle

Answer 7

1956+Banned bus segregation in Montgomery.+Supported the Bus Boycott’s success.+Local defiance continued.

Question 8

Cooper v. Aaron

Answer 8

1958+States must comply with Brown.+Reinforced federal authority over states.+Little Rock schools resisted for years.

Question 9

Boynton v. Virginia

Answer 9

1960+Extended Morgan to bus terminals.+Inspired Freedom Rides (1961).+Violent opposition persisted.

Question 10

Bailey v. Patterson

Answer 10

1962+Reaffirmed ban on interstate transport segregation.+Strengthened legal precedent.+De facto segregation lingered.

Question 11

Baker v. Carr

Answer 11

1962+Established ‘one person, one vote.’+Reduced gerrymandering; boosted Black representation.+Southern states found loopholes.