B3 You are What You Eat Flashcards

1
Q

List the fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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2
Q

Where does the fat in our diet come from?

A

Milk, milk products, cheese, cream, butter,
margarines, cooking oils,
lard, meat fats, eggs,
cereal grains, nuts, fat-rich fish and fruit (avocado), etc.

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3
Q

Other than vitamins, what are the essential things taken in with fat?

A

Omega 6
Omega 3
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid

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4
Q

What receptors do LDLs bind to on extrahepatic cells?

A

B-100

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5
Q

What receptors do HDLs bind to on extrahepatic cells?

A

ABC

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6
Q

True or false? Stomach ulcers can present no typical symptoms and cause no pain?

A

True

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7
Q

Where are ulcers common in the body?

A

Tongue
Stomach
Duodenum

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8
Q

What is the purpose of mucosa in the GI tract?

A

Protection against gastric acid secretions

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9
Q

Where is the antrum of the stomach?

A

between the body and pylorus

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10
Q

What is an alkaline tide?

A

The outflow of bicarbonate into the blood which results in an elevation of pH. This occurs in the process of acid secretion.

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the embryonic foregut?

A

Coeliac artery

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply of the embryonic midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply of the embryonic hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

What structures are derived from the embryonic foregut?

A

Pharynx, oesophageus, stomach, proximal duodenum

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15
Q

What structures are derived from the embryonic midgut?

A

Proximal duodenum to right half of transverse colon

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16
Q

What structures are derived from the embryonic hindgut?

A

Left half of transverse colon to anus

17
Q

How many layers does the embryonic gut consist of?

A

2 - endoderm surrounded by mesoderm

18
Q

How does HOX gene expression relate to embryonic development?

A

Important for formation of sphincters (pyloric, ileocecal and anal)

19
Q

Why is there a colour change in the epithelium with gastric reflux?

A

The gastric epithelia move upwards

20
Q

What can white colouring of the GI tract be indicative of?

A

Barrett’s disease

21
Q

What is Barrett’s disease a precursor of?

A

Oesophageal cancer

22
Q

What is the clinical reasoning for dividing the abdomen into 9 quadrants?

A

To estimate where anatomical structures should be and do compare them to where they actually are

23
Q

Where would you find the stomach?

A

Left hypochondrium and left umbilical

24
Q

How far is the gastro-oesophageal junction from incisors?

A

40 cm away

25
Q

What is the clinical relevance of Merkel’s Diverticulum?

A

Can either have gastric or endometrial lining meaning that there can be bleeding