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ORAL PATHOLOGY! > Exam 5-INFECTIVE stomatitis-VIRAL > Flashcards

Exam 5-INFECTIVE stomatitis-VIRAL Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of viral infections we discussed that can cause stomatitis?

A

1.HPV 2.HHV 3.Coxsackie A 4.ParaMYXOvirus

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2
Q

What are the 3 most common manifestations of Human Papilloma Virus? What is a 4th, less common manifestation?

A

1.Papilloma 2.Verruca Vulgaris 3.Condylomata acuminatum 4.Focal epithelial hyperplasia

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3
Q

What type of virus is HPV?

A

DNA yo

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4
Q

What are the 2 virus-es causing infective stomatitis that are DNA virus-es?

A

1.HPV 2.HHV

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5
Q

A papilloma is most likely the manifestation of which 2 types of HPV?

A

HPV 6 and 11

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6
Q

Which HPV manifestation is described as a virus-induced benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Papilloma

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7
Q

What is the most common age range for manifestations of a Papilloma (HPV 6 and 11)?

A

30 to 50 years

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8
Q

What is the most common area in the oral cavity for a Papilloma? What are 2 other common sites?

A

1.Soft Palate 2.tongue 3.lips

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9
Q

A papilloma can be described as White/red/normal color “__________” shaped and ________ (because of the least amount of resistance for the hyperplasia to go to the surrounding air)

A

“cauliflower” ….. exophytic

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10
Q

What are the three forms of a papilloma?

A

Nodule, sessile, or pedunculated

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11
Q

Papillomas are typically small, but they can grow large…up to ___ cm

A

3cm

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12
Q

What is the most common HPV subtype that produces Verruca Vulgaris?

A

HPV 2 (2 V’s!)

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13
Q

Which form of HPV is known as “common wart”?

A

Verruca Vulgaris

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14
Q

What are the three most common oral locations for verucca vulgaris?

A
  1. Vermillion Border 2. Labial mucosa 3.Anterior tongue
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15
Q

Which HPV lesion can be described as Pink/white nodule with rough, pebbly surface and is usually less than 5 mm?

A

A common wart, verruca vulgaris

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16
Q

What is the name of enlarged cells with cytoplasmic clearing and which type of virus is it associated with?

A

KOIL-O-cytes…HPV 2 (verruca vulgaris)

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17
Q

Common warts can be histologically described as large ________ granules

A

kerato-hyaline granules

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18
Q

Well this can be confusing, which common manifestations is caused by HPV 6 and 11 (among others), but is NOT a papilloma? Who is affected by it the most?

A

Condyloma A-cumin-a-tum…teenagers and young adults

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19
Q

What are the three most common locations in the oral cavity for Condyloma Acuminatum?

A
  1. Labial Mucosa 2.Soft palate 3.lingual frenum
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20
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission for a condyloma acuminatum? How long does it take to incubate?

A

Sexual transmission and 1-3 months

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21
Q

What are the 4 MAIN (not all) HPV subtypes associated with Condyloma Acuminatum? Which 2 are associated with an increased risk of MALIGNANT transformation?

A

HPV 6,11,16,18….16 & 18 associated with malignant transformation

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22
Q

Condyloma acuminatum fften occur in _______ and not quite as exophytic and papillary as papillomas or vurruca

A

CLUSTERS

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23
Q

What is the nickname for focal epithelial hyperplasia?

A

Heck’s Disease

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24
Q

What is the official name for “Heck’s Disease”?

A

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia

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25
Q

Hmmm which HPV condition am I describing??? Multiple soft, flattened papules clustered together…

A

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease)

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26
Q

Which two HPV subtypes are responsible for FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA (Heck’s Disease)?

A

HPV 13 and 32

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27
Q

Which HPV manifestation is most common in children often malnourished and in poor living conditions and was 1st described in Native Americans (IN NEW MEXICO) and Eskimos?

A

Focal Epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease) (HPV 13 and 32)

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28
Q

What are the three most common locations for focal epithelial hyperplasia? What are the two types of cells HISTOLOGICALLY?

A

1.Labial 2.Buccal and 3.Lingual MUCOSA…K-OI-LO-cytes and MIT_OS_OID cells. (mitosioid-cells in which the nuclear DNA has fragmented, resulting in a cell that appears as if it is undergoing mitosis)

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29
Q

In general, HPV is identified by DNA ______ hybridization, immunohistochemical analysis, and PCR

A

in situ

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30
Q

What can sometimes spur spontaneous regression of an HPV outbreak? (like focal epithelial hyperplasia)

A

improving living conditions

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31
Q

What are the two most common culprits for HPV induced cervical and oropharyngeal cancer? ALSO what is the incidence of THROAT cancer today caused by HPV?

A

HPV 16 and 18…75%

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32
Q

Since its important, going beyond the major two HPV types that cause cancer, what are those two and the additional types (4) found to cause it?

A

16, 18, 6, 11, 30s, 50s.

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33
Q

Humans are natural reservoirs of which virus? Once you have it, it never goes away, just remains dormant and latent…

A

Human Herpes Virus

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34
Q

What are the 5 HHVirus-es that have oral manifestations?

A

1.Herpes Simplex 2.Veracella-Zoster 3.Epstein-Barr 4.CytoMegaloVirus 5.HHV-8 (kaposi’s sarcoma)

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35
Q

Which HSV virus usually causes ORAL infections?

A

HSV 1 (food goes in mouth first)

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36
Q

Which HSV usually causes GENITAL infections with about 20% crossover?

A

HSV-2 (food comes out body second)

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37
Q

More than ___% of PRIMARY HSV infections are ASYMPTOMATIC

A

90%

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38
Q

Which HSV related condition has a very ACUTE onset and is USUALLY in children 6mo-5y/o? (but can happen in adults like Dr. W’s story about the 37 y/o woman)…

A

Acute Herpetic GingivoStomatitis

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39
Q

Which HSV condition can be described with fever, lymphadenopathy, nausea, irritability Painful, erythematous gingiva and tiny (1–3 mm) coalescing vesicles progress to widespread, multiple sharply marinated ulcers
of oral mucosae and skin around mouth & lips?

A

Acute herpetic gingivoStomatitis

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40
Q

In adults Acute Herpetic GingivoStomatitis may present as _____________ and it heal SPONTANEOUSLY in HOW long?

A

pharyngotonsillitis…1-2 weeks

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41
Q

Recurrent HSV infection occurs in ___-___% of the US popluation

A

15-45%

42
Q

Where does a recurrent HSV infection chill during its LATENT state?

A

the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION

43
Q

Along with these STIMULI that trigger a recurrent HSV infection, What are 3 more?? Old age, pregnancy, allergy, trauma, illness…

A

ultraviolet light, emotional stress, dental therapy!

44
Q

What are the symptoms of pain, burning, or tingling called that come before a recurrent HSV infection?

A

Prodromal

45
Q

What is the official name for a recurrent HSV infection sometimes called a “cold sore” or a “fever blister”?

A

herpes labialis

46
Q

What is the common name for Herpes Labialis?

A

a cold sore or a fever blister

47
Q

Where do recurrent HSV infections appear? Where do they NOT appear??

A

Appear at jxn of Vermillion and skin…NOT on the mucosa (that is an apthous ulcer)

48
Q

Intra-orally recurrent HSV lesions are LIMITED to ________ mucosa that is BOUND to BONE…therefore these TWO areas:

A

KERITINIZED….hard palate and gingiva

49
Q

How long does it typically take for a recurrent HSV infection to subside?

A

7-10 days

50
Q

What is the condition in the fingers and eyes when an HSV infection can spread to a dental provider?

A

Herpetic Whitlow

51
Q

Histologic examination shows __________, infected epithelial cells (viral cytopathic effect)

A

multinucleated

52
Q

How long does it take for HSV antibodies to show up in blood after initial exposure?

A

4-8 days

53
Q

INTERESTING: At any time, ___-____% of your patients will asymptomatically EXCRETE and will have HSV DNA in their saliva

A

5-30%…wear that PPE yo

54
Q

At what point in the infection cycle are topical and systemic antiviral medications effective?

A

EARLY PRODROME period (pain, burning, tingling w/o seeing a lesion)

55
Q

What are the three systemic AntiViral meds we discussed? Which one has a topical option?

A

1.AcycloVir (Zo-Vir-Ax)…has a TOPICAL option 2.Fam-cic-lo-vir (FamVir) 3.VAL-A-cyclovir (VAL-trex)

56
Q

What is the primary infection of vericella-zoster? What age range does this typically occur? How long is the incubation period?

A

ChickenPox…ages 5-9…10-21 day incubation

57
Q

What is the 4 stage progression of a VZV (chickenpox) lesion?

A

erythema –> vesicle —> pustule —->hardened crust on skin and mucus membranes

58
Q

What are the three most common oral locations of VZV/ChickenPox lesions?

A

1.Vermillion border of the lips 2.Palate 3.Buccal Mucosa

59
Q

How long does it take to recover from ChickenPox? Is there a vaccine available?

A

2-3 weeks…yes there is a VZV vaccine

60
Q

VZV may lie dormant in _______ neural ganglia after initial chickenpox infection…whats the nickname for this again?

A

SENSORY…shingles

61
Q

These are a few predisposing factors for a shingles outbreak…What are 2 more?? treatment with cytotoxic drugs, radiation, malignancy, old age, alcohol abuse…

A

Immunosuppression….dental treatment

62
Q

intense pain, fever malaise, headache are considered symptoms of which phase of a shingles outbreak?

A

Prodromal symptoms

63
Q

In a shingles outbreak A HALLMARK sign is ______ painful eruption of vesicles along the distribution of a sensory nerve classically stops WHERE???

A

UNILATERAL at the MIDLINE

64
Q

Did you know?? In a shingles outbreak, ORAL lesions occur if the _________ nerve is involved and lesions may be present on the movable or bound _______

A

trigeminal…mucosa

65
Q

Which form of CHRONIC vericella zoster (shingles) (chronic infection) may take MONTHS to resolve

A

Postherpetic Neuralgia (DAMN)

66
Q

Random boards-type association: What is the name of the syndrom described by infection of external AUDITORY canal with involvement of the ipsilateral facial and auditory nerves producing FACIAL paralysis, hearing deficits and vertigo?? and which virus is it associated with?

A

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome…Vericella Zoster

67
Q

Which virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis again? (nickname and #)

A

Epstein Barr Virus…HHV-4

68
Q

Which virus is associated with these facts? Transmitted through close contact or saliva…Late adolescents/ young adults in developed countries Sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis, fatigue, enlarged spleen

A

Epstein Barr-HHV 4

69
Q

What is an ORAL sign of the PRODROME of Epstein Barr (HHV 4)?

A

Petechiae on the palate

70
Q

In an Epstein Barr (HHV 4) infection Serum analysis shows presence of ________ antibody and elevated _________ count

A

heterophil…WBC

71
Q

How long does Epstein Barr (HHV 4) typically take to clear up?

A

4-6 weeks

72
Q

Interesting…an Epstein Barr (HHV 4) can cause this corrugated white lesion, usually on lateral border of tongue that cannot be wiped off…

A

Hairy LeukoPlakia

73
Q

Hairy leukoplakia is typically attributed to a candidal infection, but it can also be which virus?

A

Epstein Barr (HHV 4)

74
Q

What are two possible NEOPLASMS that can arise from an EBV (HHV 4) infection??

A

1.Burkitt’s lymphoma (B cells have receptors for EBV) and 2. NasoPharyngeal Carcinoma

75
Q

Which herpes virus can also produce MONO like symptoms but is NOT Epstein Barr?

A

CytoMegaloVirus (HHV 5)

76
Q

What % of CMV (HHV 5) infections are ASYMPTOMATIC?

A

90%

77
Q

Hold the phone, 90% of CMV (HHV 5) infections might be asymptomatic, BUT some can􏰉 lead to SERIOUS complications leading to organ failure, ________, and severe mental and motor retardation

A

blindness

78
Q

Oral manifestations of CMV (HHV 5) chronic ________, affects _______ cells and blood flow

A

ulceration….endothelial

79
Q

CMV (HHV 5) can reside latently in ________ cells

A

salivary gland

80
Q

CMV (HHV 5) infected cells show “_____” appearance

A

“owl eye”

81
Q

For CMV (HHV 5) infections systemic antiviral treatment is necessary in __________ individuals

A

immunocompromised

82
Q

What is the causitive virus in KAPOSI’s sarcoma?

A

HHV 8

83
Q

HHV-8 can cause WHAT 2 COLORS? with flat or raised lesions…

A

reddish-purple

84
Q

Where are the three most likely oral locations for HHV-8?

A

1.palate 2.gingiva 3.tongue

85
Q

Interesting…Before the advent of AIDS, HHV-8 infection was rare and usually seen in men over the age of ____…Now, MOST cases are associated with AIDS

A

60

86
Q

Which virus is associated with Herpangina?

A

Coxsackie A

87
Q

Which virus is associated with Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie A

88
Q

Which virus is associated with Acute Lymphonodular pharyngitis?

A

Coxsackie A

89
Q

Coxscakie A virus is associated with what 3 conditions?

A

Herpangina, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

90
Q

Coxsackie A virus usually affects children under age __, often in epidemics

A

5

91
Q

How is Coxsackie A transmitted?

A

Fecal-Oral

92
Q

What are the 2 general, painful manifestations of Coxsackie A in the mouth? WHERE do these occur?

A

vesicles on the SOFT PALATE and ulcers

93
Q

Hmmm vague but, which virus: Vesicles on soft palate with erythematous pharyngitis in herpangina?

A

Coxsackie A

94
Q

Hmmm more random facts…Coxsackie A shows hyperplastic _______ tissue on the _______ and tonsils in acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

A

lymphoid….soft palate

95
Q

Coxsackie A- What type of lesion is occurring on skin of feet, toes, hands, and fingers in hand-foot-and-mouth disease?

A

PAPULES

96
Q

When does a Coxsackie A viral infection usually resolve?

A

7-10 days

97
Q

Which virus causes MEASLES (rubeloa) and MUMPS?

A

Para-Myx-O-Virus

98
Q

What is the HALLMARK sign of MEASLES?

A

Koplik Spots (Small, red patches with white, necrotic centers)

99
Q

Koplik spots in MEASLES (paramyxovirus) are described as Small, ____ patches with white, necrotic centers..

A

RED

100
Q

Is there a vaccine for ParaMyxOvirus?

A

YEP, MMR

ORAL PATHOLOGY! (40 decks)

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