Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Posters > New posters/review posters 22/05/2016 > Flashcards

New posters/review posters 22/05/2016 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polyp?

A

A protrusion above an epithelial surface. It is a tumour (swelling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the shapes polyps can arise in?

A

Penduncle- has a neck
Flat
Sessile- hairy looking and lumpy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Benign polyps of epithelia

A

Adenoma
Inflammatory
Peurtz Jeghers syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Malignant polyps of epithelia

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benign polpys of mesentary

A 
Lipoma
Lymphangioma
Haemangiomas
Fibromas
Leiomyoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Malignant polyps of mesentary

A

Sarcomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The differential diagnosis of polyps

A

Serrated polyps
Adenomas
Polypoid carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adenoma polyps

A

Dysplastic epithelial lining- not invasive and do not metastasise.
Described as pre- malignant- easily develop from normal mucosa to adenoma and then on to adenocarcinoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of adenoma polpys

A

Must be removed immediately because of pre-malignancy.

This is done endoscopically or surgically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of adenocarcinoma polyp

A

Surgical- colon/rectum is removed and sent for pathological staging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Staging of polyps

A

Dukes staging
Dukes A- confined by muscularis externa
Dukes B- through muscularis externa
Dukes C- metastatic to lymph nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hereditary polyps

A

Familial adenomatos polyposis (FAP) or hereditary non-polyposis coli (HNPCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Autosomal dominant. Early onset. Defect in tumour suppression gene (inherited mutation in FAP gene).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pathology of FAP

A

occurs throughout colon. Adenocarcinomas. No specific inflammatory response. Associated with desmoid tumours and thyroid carcinomas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hereditary non-polyposis coli

A

Autosomal dominant. Late in onset. Defect in DNA mismatch repairin MLH 1 gene (other genes also).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathology of non-polpysis coli

A

Mucinous tumours. Crohns like inflammatory response. Associated with gastric and endometrial carcinomas.

17
Q

Colorectal neoplasia

A

Benign- adenoma

Malignant- adenocarcinoma

18
Q

Genes associated with cell cycle.

A

Oncogenes- Promote cell growth. When mutated- excess cell growth.
Tumour suppressor genes- suppress cell growth and division. When mutated- stop suppressing.

19
Q

TNM staging of colorectal carcinoma

A

T1- submucosa only
T2-into muscle
T3- through muscle
T4-adjacent structures

N1= 3 nodel involved
N2 >3 nodes involved

20
Q

Lifestyle adjustments for colorectal carcinoma

A

Protective foods- fibre, vegetables.
Also exercise

Causative things are- alcohol, smoking, obesity, processed/red meat.

21
Q

Pre-disposing conditions for colorectal carcinoma

A

Adenomatous polpyps
Ulcerative colitis
Crohns disease

22
Q

Clinical features of a carcinoma in the ascending colon

A

Anorexia and weight loss

23
Q

Clinical features of a carcinoma in the descending colon

A

Pain, change in bowel habit and rectal bleeding

24
Q

Clinical features of a carcinoma in the sigmoid colon/rectum

A

Rectal bleeding

Tenesmus

25
Q

General symptoms of colorectal carcinoma

A 
Lymphadenopathy
Anaemia
Cachexia (weakness and fatigue). 
Mass may be palpable
Haptomegaly
Distension
26
Q

Investigations into colorectal carcinoma

A 
Barium enema
CT colography
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonscopy
Faecal occult blood test
27
Q

In the community- screening occurs by?

A

Every two years- 50-75 years olds are screened using a home FOBT

28
Q

Emergency presentation of colorectal carcinoma

A

Obstruction- presents as abdominal distension, constipation, pain and vomiting
Bleeding or perforation.

29
Q

Treatment of obstruction

A

Colostomy
Resection plus colostomy
Resection plus anastomosis
Stenting

30
Q

Treatment of colonic cancer (surgical)

A 
iIn the abdomen:
Right hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy
Sigmoid colectomy
Subtotla colectomy

In the rectum
Abdomino-perineal incision
Anterior resection

31
Q

Treatment of colonic cancer (radiotherapy)

A

Generally add on therapy
Could be used pre or post op.
Reduces recurrence

32
Q

Treatment of colonic cancer (chemotherapy)

A

5 flourouracil or capeltabine

Posters (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions