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Jamie Cardiovascular Pathology > Infective Endocarditis > Flashcards

Infective Endocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is infective endocarditis?

A

An infection of the endocardium (inner layer of heart)

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2
Q

What 3 areas of the heart can infective endocarditis affect?

A

Heart valves
Interventricular septum
Chordae tendinae

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3
Q

What are 2 cardiac predispositions for infective endocarditis?

A

Rheumatic heart disease

Valvular heart diseases

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4
Q

What are 3 non-cardiac predispositions for infective endocarditis?

A

Diabetes
AIDS
Meningitis

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5
Q

What are 4 lifestyle risk factors for infective endocarditis?

A

Injected drug use
Alcohol
Pet exposure
Old age

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6
Q

What are 4 signs of infective endocarditis?

A

Fever
Weight loss
Headache
Musculoskeletal pain

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7
Q

What are 3 signs of infective endocarditis on examination?

A

Murmur
Splinter haemorrhages
Vasculitic rash

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8
Q

What 4 blood tests can be done to help identify infective endocarditis?

A

FBC
CRP (C-reactive protein)
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
Blood cultures

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9
Q

What are 3 scans that can be done to help identify infective endocarditis?

A

ECG
CXR
ECHO

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of bacteria you would expect to find on a blood culture if the patient had infective endocarditis?

A

Staphylococci (staph aureus)
Streptococci
Enterococci

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11
Q

If a blood culture is positive for bacteria involved in infective endocarditis what treatment is given if it is affecting Native Valves? (2)

A

Gentamicin and amoxycillin

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12
Q

If a blood culture is positive for bacteria involved in infective endocarditis what treatment is given if it is affecting Native Valves AND Sepsis? (2)

A

Gentamicin and Vancomycin (intravenously)

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13
Q

If a blood culture is positive for bacteria involved in infective endocarditis what treatment is given if it is affecting Prosthetic Valves? (3)

A

Gentamicin, Vancomycin (intravenously) and Rifapicin

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14
Q

What are 4 complications of infective endocarditis that can be indications for surgery?

A 
Heart failure
Fistula formation
Leaflet perforation
Uncontrolled infection
Abscess formation
AV heart block
Embolism
Prosthetic valve dysfunction
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15
Q

What treatment should be given to highest risk infective endocarditis patients?

A

Antibiotic prophylaxis

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Jamie Cardiovascular Pathology (17 decks)

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