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MCAT > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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2
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

two identical chromosomes joined at centromere

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3
Q

What are homologous pairs?

A

equivalent but non identical and don’t come near each other during mitosis

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4
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense, nucleolus disappears, spindle and kinetochore fibers appear, and centriole pairs move to opposite ends of cell.

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5
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

chromosomes line up at center of cell.

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6
Q

What happens during Anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers shorten and sister chromatid pairs are pulled apart. Cell elonges and cleavage furrow formed

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7
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes at each end of cell, nucleolus becomes visible. Cell splits in two

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8
Q

How many reading frames does a chromosome have?

A

three

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9
Q

What are the three reading frames?

A

Centromere, promoter, and regions of replication

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10
Q

What are protooncogenes

A

normal versions of genes thatallow for regular growth patterns but can be converted to oncogenes

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11
Q

What is a locus?

A

Specific location of gene on chromosome

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12
Q

What are alleles?

A

different versions of gene

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13
Q

What is a heterozygote?

A

a person carrying two different alleles at a given locus

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14
Q

What is a homozygote?

A

individual carrying two identical alleles

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15
Q

What happens during Prophase I of Meiosis?

A

homologs pair and recombination occurs

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16
Q

What happens in Metaphase I of Meiosis?

A

Tetrads are aligned on metaphase plate

17
Q

What happens during Anaphase I of Meiosis?

A

Homologs separate. Sister Chromatids stay together

18
Q

Describe Telophase I of Meiosis

A

Two haploid cells are made. Each cell has single set of chromosomes which exist as sister chromatids

19
Q

What is the purpose of Meiosis II?

A

Just to separate sister chromatids

20
Q

When are sister chromatids not identical?

A

Anaphase II

21
Q

What is a testcross?

A

a cross with a homozygous recessive.

MCAT (46 decks)

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