5.3 - 5.4d

Question 1

a disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives

Answer 1

psychological disorder

Question 2

the concept that diseases (psychological disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most causes, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Answer 2

medical model

Question 3

the concept that genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorder

Answer 3

diathesis-stress model

Question 4

the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression

Answer 4

epigenetics

Question 5

the American psychiatric association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition, text revision; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Answer 5

DSM-5-TR

Question 6

a group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related maladaptive behaviors

Answer 6

anxiety disorders

Question 7

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

Answer 7

social anxiety disorder

Question 8

an anxiety disorder in which a person in continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Answer 8

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 9

an anxiety disorders marked by unpredictable, minutes-long panic attacks; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Answer 9

panic disorder

Question 10

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one may experience a loss of control and panic

Answer 10

agoraphobia

Question 11

an anxiety disorders marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Answer 11

specific phobia

Question 12

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both

Answer 12

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 13

a persistent difficulty parting with possessions, regardless of their value

Answer 13

hoarding disorder

Question 14

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Answer 14

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 15

a group of disorders in which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is followed by psychological distress

Answer 15

trauma- and stressor- related disorders

Question 16

a group of disorders characterized by an enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a person’s ability to function

Answer 16

depressive disorders

Question 17

a group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Answer 17

bipolar disorders

Question 18

a disorder in which a person experiences 5+ symptoms lasting 2 or more weeks, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, at least one of which must be either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

Answer 18

major depressive disorder

Question 19

a disorder in which people experience a depressed mood on more days than not for at least 2 years

Answer 19

persistent depressive disorder

Question 20

the most severe form, in which people experience a euphoric, talkative, highly energetic, and overly ambitious state that lasts a week or longer

Answer 20

bipolar I disorder

Question 21

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

Answer 21

mania

Question 22

a less severe form of bipolar in which people move between depression and a milder hypomania

Answer 22

bipolar II disorder

Question 23

compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

Answer 23

rumination

Question 24

a group of disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or speech, disorganized or unusual motor behaviors, and negative symptoms

Answer 24

schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Question 25

a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Answer 25

psychotic disorders

Question 26

a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Answer 26

delusion

Question 27

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

Answer 27

chronic schizophrenia

Question 28

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

Answer 28

acute schizophrenia

Question 29

a controversial, rare group of disorders characterized by a disruption of or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior

Answer 29

dissociative disorders

Question 30

a rare dissociative disorders in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.

Answer 30

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Question 31

a disorder in which people with intact brains reportedly experience memory gaps; people may report not remembering trauma-related specific events, people, places, or aspects of their identity and life history

Answer 31

dissociative amnesia

Question 32

a group of disorders characterized by enduring inner experiences or behavior patterns that differ from someone's cultural norms and expectations, are pervasive and inflexible, begin in adolescence or early adulthood, are stable over time, and cause distress or impairment

Answer 32

personality disorders

Question 33

a personality disorders in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members, may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Answer 33

antisocial personality disorder

Question 34

a group of disorders characterized by altered consumption or absorption of food that impairs health or psychological functioning

Answer 34

feeding and eating disorders

Question 35

an eating disorders in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Answer 35

anorexia nervosa

Question 36

an eating disorders in which a person's binge eating is followed by inappropriate wight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Answer 36

bulimia nervosa

Question 37

central nervous system abnormalities that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior

Answer 37

neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 38

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Answer 38

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Question 39

a psychological disorders marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 39

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)