5.4/5.5/5.6

Question 1

Nervous tissue

Answer 1

Located within the brain, spinal cord and the nerves that traverse through the body. Consists of cells called neurons, which receive, process and transmit nerve impulse. Contains numerous smaller cells called glial cells, which don’t transmit nerve impulses but instead are responsible for the protection, nourishment, and support of the neurons. Nervous tissue is well vascularized.

Question 2

Neuron structure

Answer 2

Cell body: Houses both the nucleus and other organelles
Never cell processes: branches extending from the cell body
Dendrites: Shorter and more numerous processes, which receive incoming signals and transmit the information to the cell body.
Axon: Carries outgoing signals to other cells, because of axons neurons are usually the longest cells in the body.

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions.

Question 4

Body membranes

Answer 4

Formed from an epithelial layer that is bound to an underlying connective tissue.

Question 5

4 types of body membranes

Answer 5

Mucous membrane, Serous membrane, Cutaneous membrane, Synovial membrane

Question 6

Mucous membrane

Answer 6

AKA mucosa. Lines passageways and compartments that eventually open to the external environment; these include the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts. A mucous membrane is formed by an epithelium and an underlying connective tissue called the lamina proprietary. Mucous membranes perform absorptive, protective, or secretory functions. (Or a combo of these functions)

Question 7

Serous membrane

Answer 7

Lines body cavities that typically do not open to the external environment/surface of many organs. Composed of simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium. Serous membranes produce serous fluid. Parietal and Visceral layer + Serous cavity.

Question 8

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 8

AKA skin. Composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of connective tissue. Protects internal organs and prevents water loss.

Question 9

Synovial membrane

Answer 9

Composed of a specialized type of connective tissue. Cells within this membrane secrete a synovial fluid that reduces friction among the moving bone parts and distributes nutrients to the cartilage on the articular surfaces of the bone.

Question 10

Atrophy

Answer 10

Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell size or cell number. May result from aging, or from failure to use an organ or a tissue.

Question 11

Metaplasia

Answer 11

When a mature epithelium changes to a different form of mature epithelium. May occur as an epithelium adapts to environmental conditions.

Question 12

Dysplasia

Answer 12

Refers to abnormal tissue development.

Question 13

Neoplasia

Answer 13

The condition in which tissue growth proceeds out of control, a tumor composed out of abnormal tissue develops.

Question 14

Morbidity

Answer 14

Afflicted by disease

Question 15

Necrosis

Answer 15

Tissue death. Occurs due to tissue damage that is not reversible, and an inflammatory response usually occurs in the tissue in response to the damage.