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Pre-Med > Chapter 1- 1.4 > Flashcards

Chapter 1- 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of all living things

A
  1. Organization; complex structures and order
  2. Metabolism: The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the body. Consists of anabolism and Catabolism.
  3. Growth and development; increased size/specialization
  4. Responsiveness; detect and react to stimuli
  5. Regulation; adjusts internal bodily functions as a response
  6. Reproduction
  7. Hereditary/DNA
  8. Adaptation
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2
Q

Anabolism

A

The process in which molecules are joined to form larger molecules

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3
Q

Catabolism

A

The process in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, the opposite of anabolism.

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4
Q

6 levels of increasingly complex organizations in humans

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ system level
  6. Organismal level
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5
Q

Chemical level

A

The simplest of the 6 levels. Involves atoms, molecules, macromolecules and organelles.

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6
Q

Atom

A

Part of the chemical level. They are the smallest units of matter that exhibit characteristics of an element.

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7
Q

Molecule

A

Part of the chemical level. When 2 or more atoms combine.

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8
Q

Macromolecule

A

Part of the chemical level. A more complex molecule

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9
Q

Organelles

A

Part of the chemical level. Specialized microscopic subunits in cells formed by macromolecules.

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10
Q

Cellular level

A

Consists of cells. Formed from atoms and molecules from the chemical level. The structure of cells varies widely based on their specializations.

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11
Q

Cells

A

The smallest living structures which serve as the basic units of structure and function in organisms.

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12
Q

Tissue level

A

Consists of the 4 major types of tissues.

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13
Q

Tissues

A

groups of similar cells that perform common functions

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14
Q

4 major types of tissue

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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15
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

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16
Q

Connective tissues

A

Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs

17
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Produces movement

18
Q

Nervous tissue

A

conducts nerve impulses for communication

19
Q

Organ level

A

Composed of organs that contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

20
Q

Organ system level

A

Multiple related organs which work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function.

21
Q

Organismal level

A

All systems function interdependently in an organism, which is the living person

22
Q

11 Organ systems

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Muscular
  3. Endocrine
  4. Lymphatic
  5. Urinary
  6. Male/ Female Reproductive
  7. Skeletal
  8. Nervous
  9. Cardiovascular
  10. Respiratory
  11. Digestive
23
Q

Integumentary system

A

Provides protection, regulates body temp, site of cutaneous receptors/glands, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss

24
Q

Skeletal system

A

Provides support and protection, site of blood cell production, stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides sites for ligament and muscle attachment

25
Q

Muscular system

A

Produces body movement, and generates heat when muscles contract.

26
Q

Nervous system

A

The regulatory system that controls muscles and some glands, responds to sensory stimuli and helps control all other systems. Also responsible for consciousness.

27
Q

Endocrine system

A

Glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones. maintain homeostasis of blood composition/volume, control digestive processes, and control reproductive functions.

28
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Consists of the heart and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases and pick up waste products

29
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Transports and filters lymph and may participate in an immune response

30
Q

Respiratory system

A

Responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

31
Q

Urinary system

A

Filters the blood to remove waste products and biologically active molecules, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

32
Q

Digestive system

A

Mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

33
Q

MALE Reproductive system

A

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (i.e. testosterone), also transfers sperm.

34
Q

FEMALE Reproductive system

A

Produces female sex cells (ocytes) and female hormones (i.e. Estrogen and Progesterone). Receives sperm, site of fertilization of ocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus, produces/secretes breast milk for nourishment of newborn

Pre-Med (8 decks)

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