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Pre-Med > Chapter 1- 1.5 > Flashcards

Chapter 1- 1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior

A

In front of

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2
Q

Posterior

A

In back of

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3
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the trunk

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4
Q

Distal

A

Further from the trunk

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5
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back side of the body

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6
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly side of the body

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7
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet

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9
Q

Cranial (Cephalic)

A

Toward the head end

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10
Q

Caudal

A

toward the rear/tail end

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11
Q

Rostral

A

Toward the nose/mouth

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12
Q

Medial

A

towards the midline of the body

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13
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

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14
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

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15
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

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16
Q

Deep

A

Closer to the inside

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17
Q

Superficial

A

closer to the outside

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18
Q

Positions

A

Supine, and Anatomic

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19
Q

Supine

A

lying down on your back or spine

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20
Q

Anatomic

A

Upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor. Upper limbs at the sides of the body palms facing forward, head is level and eyes are looking to the front

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21
Q

Sections

A

Imply a cut/slice to expose the internal anatomy

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22
Q

Plane

A

Implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.

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23
Q

3 major anatomic planes

A

Midsaggital, Transverse, Coronal

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24
Q

Coronal plane

A

AKA Frontal plane, a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior. (Cuts through the crown of the head)

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25
Q

Transverse plane

A

AKA Horizontal plane or Cross-Sectional plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior. (Cuts through umbilical)

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26
Q

Midaggital plane

A

AKA median plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves.

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27
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Similar to midsagittal but halves do not have to be equal.

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28
Q

Oblique planes

A

Minor anatomic planes which pass through a structure at an angle

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29
Q

2 Main regions of regional anatomy

A

Axial and Appendicular

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30
Q

Axial region

A

Head neck and trunk

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31
Q

Appendicular region

A

Upper and lower limbs

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32
Q

Abdominal

A

Inferior to thorax and superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones

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33
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm (elbow to wrist)

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34
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of the elbow aka cubital region

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35
Q

Auricular

A

Visible surface of the structure of the ear

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36
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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37
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (elbow to shoulder)

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38
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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39
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel of the foot

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40
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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41
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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42
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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43
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

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44
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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45
Q

Crural

A

Leg (knee to ankle)

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46
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

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47
Q

Digital or Phalangeal

A

Fingers/Toes

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48
Q

Dorsal/Dorsum

A

Back

49
Q

Facial

A

Face

50
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

51
Q

Fibular

A

Lateral (further from midline) aspect of the leg

52
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

53
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttocks

54
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

55
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin/Crease of the thigh with the trunk

56
Q

Lumbar

A

“Small of the back”

57
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

58
Q

Mental

A

Chin

59
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

60
Q

Occipital

A

Posterior aspect of the head

61
Q

Olecranal

A

Back part of the elbow

62
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

63
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

64
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

65
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

66
Q

Pectoral

A

Chest (includes mammary)

67
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

68
Q

Perineal

A

Between thighs, includes anus and genitalia

69
Q

Pes

A

Foot

70
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

71
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

72
Q

Popliteal

A

Area posterior to the kneecap

73
Q

Pubic

A

Anterior region of the pelvis

74
Q

Radial

A

Lateral aspect (thumb side in anatomic) of forearm

75
Q

Sacral

A

Posterior region between the hip bones

76
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

77
Q

Sternal

A

Sternum

78
Q

Sural

A

Calf (posterior part of the leg)

79
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

80
Q

Thoracic

A

Thorax (pectoral, sternal and axillary regions)

81
Q

Tibial

A

Medial aspect of the leg

82
Q

Ulnar

A

Medial aspect of forearm (pinky side)

83
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

84
Q

Vertebral

A

Spine

85
Q

Cavity

A

Where an internal organ/organ system is housed, enclosed space

86
Q

2 major cavities

A

Ventral cavity and posterior aspect

87
Q

Posterior aspect

A

Contains cavities that are completely incased in bone and are physically/developmentally different from the ventral cavity. Is divided into two enclosed activities, Cranial and Vertebral.

88
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Formed by the bones of the cranium, aka endocranium. It houses the brain.

89
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

Formed by the bones of the vertebral column. The vertebral canal houses the spinal cord.

90
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Larger, Anteriorly placed cavity in the body. Subdivisions don’t completely incase their organs in bone. Is divided by the thoracic diaphragm into a superior thoracic cavity and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity. It is lined with thin serous membranes, unlike the posterior aspect.

91
Q

Serous membranes

A

A continuous layer of cells. Forms 2 layers, Parietal and Visceral.

92
Q

Parietal layer

A

Typically lines the internal surface of the body wall

93
Q

Visceral layer

A

Covers the external surface of the organs within that cavity.

94
Q

Serous cavity

A

A space between the two layers which can become bigger under certain physiological/pathological conditions

95
Q

Serous fluid

A

A liquid secreted by the serous cavity which helps reduce friction inside the body

96
Q

Mediastinum

A

space between the lungs which contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart.

97
Q

Serous pericardium

A

The two-layered serous membrane that encloses the heart.

98
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

The outermost layer of the serous pericardium which forms a sac around the heart

99
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

Forms the heart’s external layer

100
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

The serous cavity between the parietal and visceral layers. Contains serous fluid.

101
Q

Pleura

A

The two-layered serous membrane in the right and left sides of the thoracic cavity which houses the lungs.

102
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

The outer layer which lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

103
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Covers the surface of each lung.

104
Q

Pleural cavity

A

The serous cavity between the visceral and parietal pleura. Contains serous fluid.

105
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Consists of an Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity.

106
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones. Contains most of the digestive organs as well as the kidneys and most of the ureters.

107
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Inferior to the pelvic brim. Contains the distal part of the large intestine, the remainder of the ureters, the urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs.

108
Q

Peritoneum

A

2 layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity.

109
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers the surfaces of most abdominal and pelvic organs

110
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.

111
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

The serous cavity of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains Serous fluid.

112
Q

9 Abdominopelvic regions

A
  1. Umbilical region
  2. Epigastric region
  3. Hypogastric region
  4. L & R Hypochondriac
  5. L & R Lumbar
  6. L & R Iliac
113
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Named after the navel. Center Middle region

114
Q

Epigastric Region

A

Epi means above and gastric means stomach. So Epigastric is Center Top.

115
Q

Hypograstic Region

A

Hypo means below and gastric means stomach. So Hypogastric is Center Bottom.

116
Q

L & R Lumbar

A

Middle left and right

117
Q

L & R Iliac

A

Bottom left and right

118
Q

L & R Hypochondriac

A

Hypo means under and chondriac means cartilage so it is under the rib cartilage. Top left and right

119
Q

4 Quadrants

A

Right upper Q
Left upper Q
Right lower Q
Left lower Q

Pre-Med (8 decks)

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