Introduction to Infectious Disease: Diarrhea Flashcards
What are the top two causes of death from infectious disease worldwide?
(1) Pneumonia
(2) Diarrhea
The non-inflammatory vs. inflammatory distinction overlaps perfectly with the ____________ distinction.
non-invasive vs. invasive
In terms of stool composition, how can you distinguish between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhea.
Inflammatory: WBCs and RBCs
Non-inflammatory: watery
What pathogens are associated with non-inflammatory diarrhea?
Norwalk Rotavirus Giardia Cholera ETEC
What pathogens are associated with inflammatory diarrhea?
Campylobacter jejuni Shigella Salmonella Escherichia coli O157:H7 Clostridium difficile E. histolytica
The most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea is ______.
ETEC
Two things cause metabolic acidosis in cholera infection: ________________.
(1) poor tissue perfusion – causing lactic acid accumulation – and (2) excess bicarb excretion
The leading cause of diarrheal death worldwide is __________.
rotavirus; this happens less in the United States because of rotavirus vaccine
What virus normally causes diarrheal illness in older children and adults?
Norovirus
The most common symptoms of giardia infection?
Diarrhea Fatigue Abdominal pain Bloating Flatulence Malodorous stool
The most common cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea in the U.S. is _____________.
EHEC
The highest rates of EHEC are in ___________.
young children and the elderly
E. coli’s reservoir is __________.
the intestinal tracts of cattle
True or false: you need to immediately treat EHEC with bactrim.
False. Studies show that antibiotics can increase risk of toxin release. As such, just treat with fluids.
True or false: giardia responds to fluoroquinolones.
False.
