Fat and Carbohydrate: Exercise Physiology

Question 1

A lot of “training” involves becoming better at ____________.

Answer 1

breaking down fatty acids

Question 2

Six amino acids can be ___________.

Answer 2

metabolized to burn fuel (alanine is just pyruvate with an amino group)

Question 3

When exercise begins, _________ is the primary fuel. With sustained low-intensity exercise, _________ predominates as the fuel source. As you progressively increase in intensity, ___________ and then _________ occur.

Answer 3

glycolysis; fat oxidation; glucose oxidation (TCA); lactic acid production

Question 4

_____________ have been shown to have lower CVD risk than thin people who are unfit.

Answer 4

Obese people who are fit

Question 5

Low glycogen stores have been shown to lead to what effects on exercise?

Answer 5

Decreased duration and intensity

Question 6

Catecholamines phosphorylate what hormone that leads to release of fatty acids?

Answer 6

Hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 7

One of the most consistent phenomena noticed with training is _____________.

Answer 7

that those who train produce lower lactate levels with the same expenditure and rely more on lipolysis and less on glycogenolysis

Question 8

Training has been shown to increase levels of ___________ of skeletal muscle that lead to increased efflux of lactic acid.

Answer 8

metacarboxylates

Question 9

During exercise, about ______ percent of glucose comes from lactate (via gluconeogenesis).

Answer 9

30

Question 10

Six amino acids can be metabolized by muscle: _____________.

Answer 10

aspartate, glutamate, alanine, and the branched chain

Question 11

As fat oxidation decreases, ________ increases.

Answer 11

lactate production