5.5 social model of health + ottawa charter

Question 1

describe the social model of health

Answer 1

an approach that recognises improvements in health and wellbeing can only be achieved by directing efforts towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups.

Question 2

what led to the development of the social model of health

Answer 2

old public health helped address diseases that needed to be addressed. it was developed in response to many lifestyle diseases increasing.

Question 3

strengths of the social model

Answer 3

• promotes good health and wellbeing and assists in preventing diseases
• takes a more hostilic approach to hwb
• less expensive than the biomedical approach
• focuses on vulnerable population groups

Question 4

limitations of the social model

Answer 4

• not every illness or condition can be prevented
• it does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge
• does not address the health and wellbeing concerns of individuals
• health promotion messages may be ignored

Question 5

5 action areas of the ottawa charter

Answer 5

• build healthy public policy
• create supportive environments
• strengthen community action
• develop personal skills
• reorient health services

Question 6

build healthy public policy

Answer 6

relates to decisions made by government and organisations in relation to laws and policies that affect health and wellbeing

Question 7

create supportive environments

Answer 7

recognise the impact that the broader determinants have on hwb+hs, aims to promote a healthy physical and sociocultural environment for all members of the community.

Question 8

strengthen community action

Answer 8

focuses on building links between individuals and the community, and centres around the community working together to achieve a common goal

Question 9

develop personal skills

Answer 9

education-gaining health - related knowledge and skills that allow people to make informed decisions that may indirectly affect hwb. can occur in many places, including and work settings, families, etc.

Question 10

reorient health services

Answer 10

refers to changing the health system so that it promotes hwb rather than just focusing on diagnosing and treating illness.

Question 11

example of build healthy public policy

Answer 11

removing the goods and services tax (GST) on unprocessed foods and increasing tax on certain alcoholic drinks

Question 12

example of create supportive environments

Answer 12

quitline - creates supportive environments for quitting smoking or vaping by offering confidential telephone counselling, personalised support, and resources. They help individuals develop and maintain their motivation, create quit plans, and manage triggers, as well as providing ongoing encouragement and strategies

Question 13

example of strengthen community action

Answer 13

an immunisation strategy that involves media, doctors, schools and parents working together to achieve higher immunisation rates for children

Question 14

example of develop personal skills

Answer 14

a community health centre running cooking classes for the community

Question 15

example of reorient health services

Answer 15

doctors focusing a discussion around eating healthy rather than just medication and surgery to reduce the impact of cardiovascular disease

Question 16

describe the ottawa charter

Answer 16

an approach to health developed by WHO that aims to reduce inequalities in health. It reflects the social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health outcomes.