factors Flashcards
(29 cards)
what are the biological factors
- body weight
- age
- blood pressure
- blood cholesterol
- glucose regulation
- birthweight
- genetics
biological factors definition
factors relating to the body that impact health and wellbeing
Why might a baby be born with low birth weight?
- Premature birth.
- Age of the mother
- The mother’s nutritional status.
- Smoking,
- excessive alcohol consumption
- drug use by the mother during pregnancy
- Illness of the mother during pregnancy.
How do genetics impact on health?
- High levels of testosterone in males has been linked to increased risk taking behaviours which can contribute to higher rates of injury and premature death in males than females.
- Women undergo menopause where oestrogen level decline- this results in higher rates of osteoporosis
- Women can’t get prostate or testicular cancer.
- Men can’t get ovarian cancer.
- Women are more likely to develop breast cancer (less than one per cent of all breast cancer cases occur in men), largely due to most women having more breast tissue than most men.
hypertension
a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. Blood pressure is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels (arteries) as it is pumped by the heart. The higher the pressure, the harder the heart has to pump.
Impaired glucose regulation can occur due to:
- genetic predisposition
- stress
- pregnancy
- lack of exercise
- smoking
- high body mass (particularly if excess weight is stored around the abdomen)
- a diet high in fat, particularly trans fat
- excessive alcohol consumption
- high LDL cholesterol
- high blood pressure.
sociocultural factors definition
Relates to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
what are the sociocultural factors
- socioeconomic status
- employment status
- social networks and social exclusion
- social isolation
- cultural background
- food security
- early life experiences
- access to health care
- commercial factors
food insecurity
When healthy affordable food is not obtainable.
food security
When food is plentiful and easily accessible can lead to people consuming too much and at risk of diet related diseases such as type 2 diabetes
SES
Relates to the social standing of an individual in comparison to others in that society. It is based on education income an occupation.
social isolation
Refers to individuals who are not in regular contact with others. This is often limits peoples ability to interact with other people.
Social isolation can result due to:
- Disability
- Disease
- lack of transport
- communication barriers
how does social isolation impact health
- Isolation can prevent people from being able to interact with others or access services - an issue particularly for many people in rural and remote areas.
- People who are isolated from others lack the emotional, psychological and health-related support that can improve health status.
- In times of difficulty, people who are socially isolated can feel they have no-one to turn to, and this can contribute to a range of mental health problems such as depression and stress.
social exclusion
the segregation that people experience if they are not adequately participating in the society in which they live.
Social exclusion can be caused by, or contribute to, a range of characteristics, including:
- increased risk-taking behaviours, such as alcohol and drug misuse
- poor physical and mental health and wellbeing, including increased risk of mental disorders
- disability
- inability to access services such as healthcare, education, employment and social security
- family breakdown
- homelessness
- discrimination, including racism
- low income.
factors that may influence someone accessing healthcare
cultural and financial barriers
cultural background
Relates to customs, ideas, values and traditions of a particular society that are passed through generations. Call true backgrounds that impact health outcomes include gender stereotypes, food intake, attitudes and beliefs. they sometimes refer to as social expectations.
how do early life experiences affect health?
- Abuse and neglect during early years can affect brain function and development
- Strong emotional attachment in the early years can promote positive health outcome later in life.
- Low birth weight from smoking
- Poorer immune system
commercial factors
relate to the impact the private sector has on consumption patterns of individuals and groups the private sector includes all non-government entities that generally work to generate a profit
Exposure to marketing techniques
increase the likelihood of people participating in activities that detract from health such as consuming alcohol and E cigarettes gambling consuming energy dense foods and increased participation in small screen entertainment at the expense of physical activity.
environmental factors definition
the physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. Environmental factors include workplaces, housing, roads and geographical access to resources such as healthcare.
what are the environmental factors
- housing
- work environment
- urban design and infrastructure
- climate and climate change
geographical location (urban design and infrastructure)
- Being close to supermarkets, shows, schools, hospitals and employment can decrease mortality and morbidity rates.
- Noise pollution in the area can have a negative effect on a populations overall health and wellbeing.
