Chapter 31.4

Question 1

How does the body touch, temperature, and pain?

Answer 1

Different sensory receptors in the body respond to touch, temperature, and pain.

Question 2

How are the senses of smell and taste similar?

Answer 2

Sensations of smell and taste are both the result of impulses sent to the brain by chemoreceptors.

Question 3

How do the ears and brain process sounds and maintain balance?

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors found in parts of the ear transmit impulses to the brain. The brain translates the impulses into sound and information about balance.

Question 4

How do the eyes and brain produce vision?

Answer 4

Vision occurs when photoreceptors in the eyes transmit impulses to the brain, which translates these impulses into images.

Question 5

What is a taste bud?

Answer 5

Sense organ (chemoreceptor) that responds to taste

Question 6

What is the cochlea?

Answer 6

fluid filled structure found in the inner ear that contain tiny hairs which move when sound waves vibrate the cochlea. These hair cells produce impulses to the brain which processes them as sound.

Question 7

What are the semicircular canals?

Answer 7

looping structures in the inner ear that monitor the position of your body, especially your head, in relation to gravity.

Question 8

What is the cornea?

Answer 8

a tough, transparent layer of cells that protects the outside of the eye.

Question 9

What is the iris?

Answer 9

an opening in the eye that allows light to travel back to the retina

Question 10

What is the lens?

Answer 10

just behind the iris, a structure that can be pulled by small muscles to adjust the focus of images for far and near vision. (hardens overtime)

Question 11

What is the retina?

Answer 11

Inner layer of the eye where photoreceptors are found (rods and cones)

Question 12

What are rods?

Answer 12

photoreceptors in the retina that are extremely sensitive to light, (not color vision)

Question 13

What are cones?

Answer 13

photoreceptors that respond to color, concentrated in the fovea (middle of retina)

Question 14

Trace a photon to from the sun to your brain…

Answer 14

Across the cornea, through the pupil, through the lense, through the vitreous humor, to the retina, to the rods or cones, to the optic nerve, to your brain.

Question 15

Trace a sound wave from katy perry to your brain…

Answer 15

katy perry’s vocal cords creates vibration in air, vibration concentrated by outer ear, travels in ear canal, vibrates the ear drum, vibrates the hammer, anvil, then stirrup, vibrates the oval window of the cochlea, vibrates liquid inside cochlea, vibrates hair cells in lining of cochlea, sends impulses through auditory nerve to brain