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Neuroscience > 02a: SC Pathways > Flashcards

02a: SC Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Ascending tracts to cortex typically have (X) number of neurons.

A

X = 3

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2
Q

Ascending tracts to cerebellum typically have (X) number of neurons.

A

X = 2

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3
Q

First order neurons for DCML pathway are in:

A

DRG

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4
Q

DCML carries which (sensory/motor) signals?

A

Sensory;

  1. Discriminative touch
  2. Joint position
  3. Pressure and vibration
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5
Q

DCML afferent fibers are (myelinated/unmyelinated) and (slow/fast).

A

(Highly) myelinated; fast

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6
Q

Dorsal column fibers (for DCML path) are arranged into which tracts? Star the most medial tract.

A
  1. Fasciculus Gracilis*

2. Fasciculus Cuneatus

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7
Q

Fasciculus gracilis for (X) SC tract fibers is located at which SC levels?

A

X = DCML (for lower body, below T6)

All SC levels

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8
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus for (X) SC tract fibers is located at which SC levels?

A

X = DCML (for upper body, T6 and above)

At T6 and above

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9
Q

Posterior intermediate sulcus found at which SC levels? What does it separate?

A

T6 and above;

Fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus

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10
Q

(X) and (Y), collectively called dorsal column nuclei, are located in:

A 
X = nucleus gracilis
Y = nucleus cuneatus

Caudal medulla

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11
Q

Where do first-order DCML fibers synapse?

A

Dorsal column nuclei (medulla)

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12
Q

Where does the DCML pathway decussate?

A

Caudal medulla

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13
Q

Following decussation in (X), the DCML (1/2/3)-order neurons form pathway called (Y).

A

X = caudal medulla
2-order;
Y = medial lemniscus

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14
Q

Axons in medial lemniscus synapse in (X).

A

X = VPL nucleus of thalamus

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15
Q

DCML third order neurons travel from (X) to (Y).

A 
X = VPL thalamus
Y = somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
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16
Q

Spinothalamic tract, part of (X) system, carries which (sensory/motor) signals?

A

X = anterolateral;
Sensory;

Pain and T

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17
Q

Spinothalamic afferent fibers are (myelinated/unmyelinated) and (slow/fast).

A

Unmyelinated; Slow

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18
Q

First order neurons for ST pathway are in:

A

DRG

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19
Q

Lissauer’s tract carries (1/2/3)-order neurons from (X) pathway. Projections travel (up/down/across) to (Y).

A

1st order;
X = ST
Up and down;
Y = 2-3 SC segments rostral and caudal to DRG

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20
Q

Where is Lissauer’s tract located in SC cross-section?

A

White matter that caps the dorsal horn

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21
Q

Central process of ST tract synapses within (X), aka Rexed’s lamina (Y).

A 
X = substantia gelatinosa
Y = 2
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22
Q

Second order neurons of ST tract are located in (X) area and their dendrites extend to (Y) area.

A

X =

  1. Nucleus postero-marginalis
  2. Nucleus propius

Y = substantia gelatinosa

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23
Q

Nucleus postero-marginalis is Rexed’s lamina (X).

A

X = 1

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24
Q

Post-synpatic processes in substantia gelatinosa belong to (1/2/3)-order neurons for (X) tract.

A

2nd order;

X = ST

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25
Q

Where do (1/2/3)-order neurons of the ST pathway decussate?

A

2nd order;

Anterior white commissure (of SC)

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26
Q

Following decussation in (X), the ST (1/2/3)-order neurons form pathway called (Y) that turns (rostrally/caudally).

A

X = SC
2nd;
Y = spinothalamic;
Rostrally

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27
Q

ST neurons ascend in (X) part of SC to finally synapse onto third order neurons in (Y).

A 
X = anterior portion of lateral funiculus
Y = VPL of thalamus
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28
Q

ST third order neurons travel from (X) to (Y).

A 
X = VPL thalamus
Y = somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
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29
Q

Which paths carry fast versus slow pain? Where are their thalamic nuclei?

A

Fast: neospinothalamic (VPL)
Slow: Paleospinothalamic (centromedian nucleus)

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30
Q

List the tracts that carry muscle sense information about individual muscles.

A
  1. Cuneocerebellar (above C8)

2. Dorsal spinocerebellar (C8 and below)

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31
Q

List the tracts that carry muscle sense information about whole limbs.

A
  1. Rostral spinocerebellar (upper limb)

2. Ventral spinocerebellar (lower limb)

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32
Q

In general, spinocerebellar tract carries (X) info to (Y), which then sends it to (Z).

A 
X = muscle sense
Y = cerebellum
Z = cerebral cortex
33
Q

(X) tract muscle sense information doesn’t reach consciousness.

A

X = dorsal spinocerebellar

34
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar afferent fibers are (myelinated/unmyelinated) and (slow/fast).

A

(Highly) myelinated; fast

35
Q

Central processes of first order neurons of dorsal spinocerebellar tract synapse in (X), aka Rexed’s lamina (Y).

A 
X = Clarke's nucleus
Y = 7
36
Q

Clarke’s nucleus is present at which SC levels?

A

C8-L3

37
Q

How does (X) information below (Y) SC level reach Clarke’s nucleus?

A 
X = muscle sense;
Y = L3

Travels upward in lateral portion of fasciculus gracilis until reaches appropriate SC level

38
Q

Second-order neurons from dorsal spinocerebellar tract originate from (X) and travel (upward/downward) along which region of SC?

A

X = Clarke’s nucleus
Upward;

Lateral, dorsal margin of white matter

39
Q

Destination of second order neurons of dorsal spinocerebellar tract is (X). They enter via (Y).

A 
X = cerebellum
Y = inferior cerebellar peduncle
40
Q

Where does the dorsal spinocerebellar pathway decussate?

A

Doesn’t decussate

41
Q

How does (X) information above (Y) SC level reach Clarke’s nucleus?

A 
X = muscle sense
Y = C8

Doesn’t use Clarke’s nucleus

42
Q

First-order neurons of cuneocerebellar tract (ascend/descend) in (X) until they reach (Y) for synapse.

A

Ascend;
X = lateral portion of fasciculus cuneatus
Y = external cuneate nucleus

43
Q

Origin of second order neurons of cuneocerebellar tract is (X). Destination is (Y). They enter via (Z).

A 
X = external cuneate nucleus
Y = cerebellum
Z = inferior cerebellar peduncle
44
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar afferent fibers are (myelinated/unmyelinated) and (slow/fast).

A

(Highly) myelinated; fast

45
Q

Second-order axons of ventral spinocerebellar tract originate from (X), aka Rexed Laminae (Y).

A 
X = Spinal border cells;
Y = 5 and 7
46
Q

Where do (1/2/3)-order neurons of the ventral spinocerebellar pathway decussate?

A

2nd order;

  1. Anterior white commissure of SC
  2. Superior cerebellar peduncle
47
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar pathway: following decussation, (1/2/3)-order axons travel (across/rostrally/caudally) along which region of (SC/brainstem)?

A

2nd order; rostrally;

Along anterolateral region of lateral funiculus (SC)

48
Q

(1/2/3)-order neurons of ventral spinocerebellar pathway reach final destination in (X) by traveling through (Y).

A

2nd order;
X = cerebellum
Y = superior cerebellar peduncle

49
Q

Analog of ventral spinocerebellar tract, but for (X) information from (Y), is the (Z) tract.

A 
X = muscle sense;
Y = upper limb
Z = rostal spinocerebellar
50
Q

Where do (1/2/3)-order neurons of the rostral spinocerebellar pathway decussate?

A

No decussation

51
Q

(1/2/3)-order neurons of rostral spinocerebellar pathway reach final destination in (X) by traveling through (Y).

A

2nd order;
X = cerebellum
Y = inferior cerebellar peduncle

52
Q

Largest descending SC tract, (X) tract, function.

A

X = corticospinal;

Execution/control of voluntary movement

53
Q

Corticospinal tract originates in (X).

A

X = primary motor and pre-motor cortices

54
Q

Corticospinal axons are (myelinated/unmyelinated).

A

Myelinated

55
Q

List path of axons for corticospinal tract (prior to decussation).

A
  1. Primary/pre-motor cortices
  2. Internal capsule
  3. Cerebral peduncle
  4. Pons
  5. Pyramids
56
Q

Most, (X)%, fibers of corticospinal tract decussate at (Y). Where do the rest decussate?

A 
X = 75-90
Y = pyramidal decussation (caudal medulla)

Don’t decussate

57
Q

Due to partial decussation of fibers from (X) descending tract, two SC tracts are formed. List them.

A

X = corticospinal;

  1. Lateral corticospinal
  2. Anterior corticospinal
58
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract present in which SC segments?

A

All

59
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract present in which SC segments?

A

Segments above lower thoracic levels

60
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract primarily involved in control of (proximal/distal) muscles.

A

Distal

61
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract primarily involved in control of (proximal/distal) muscles.

A

Proximal (axial/paravertebral)

62
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract descends in which region of SC?

A

Lateral funiculus

63
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract innervates (ipsi/contra)lateral muscles.

A

Contralateral

64
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract descends in which region of SC?

A

Adjacent to anterior median fissure (ventral white matter)

65
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract innervates (ipsi/contra)lateral muscles.

A

Both (bilateral termination)

66
Q

Fasciculus proprius is (grey/white) matter with which function(s)?

A

White;

Coordinates info within SC segment (intrasegmental)

67
Q

Anterior spinal artery arises from:

A

Vertebral arteries

68
Q

Posterior spinal artery arises from:

A

Vertebral arteries

69
Q

Aside from spinal arteries, SC gets blood from (X), especially which artery?

A

X = radicular;

Great Radicular Artery of Adamkiewicz

70
Q

Rubrospinal tract originates in (X) and carries (Y) information to (Z).

A 
X = red nucleus of midbrain
Y = motor control 
Z = distal flexor muscles
71
Q

Where does rubrospinal tract decussate?

A

midbrain

72
Q

Tectospinal tract originates in (X) and carries (Y) information to (Z).

A 
X = superior colliculus
Y = motor command (in response to visual stimuli)
Z = muscles that move head/eyes
73
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract originates in (X) and carries (Y) information to (Z).

A 
X = vestibular nuclei
Y = motor command
Z = SC neurons that govern posture (mainly extensors)
74
Q

Where does lateral vestibulospinal tract decussate?

A

No decussation

75
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract originates in (X) and carries (Y) information to (Z).

A 
X = vestibular nuclei
Y = motor command (in response to vestibular stimuli)
Z = muscles that adjust head position
76
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract projects to which SC levels?

A

Primarily cervical and maybe thoracic

77
Q

Medial vestibulospinal tract projects to (ipsi/contra)lateral side.

A

Bilateral

78
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract projects to (ipsi/contra)lateral side.

A

Ipsilateral

79
Q

Analog of medial vestibulospinal tract in the head is called (X). This tract projects to CN nuclei (Y) for what reason?

A

X = medial longitudinal fasciculus

Y = CN 3, 4, 6, and 11

Adjust eye movements as head moves

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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