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Neuroscience > 06d: Central Auditory System > Flashcards

06d: Central Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory ganglion cells of auditory system are formally called:

A

Spiral ganglion cells

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2
Q

Several spiral ganglion cells contact one (inner/outer) HC. This results in (high/low) resolution.

A

Inner;

Higher

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3
Q

One spiral ganglion cell contracts several (inner/outer) HCs. This results in (high/low) resolution.

A

Outer;

Lower

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4
Q

Most, (X)%, of spiral ganglia are in contact with (inner/outer) HCs.

A

X = 90

Inner

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5
Q

Only (X)% of spiral ganglia are in contact with (inner/outer) HCs.

A

X = 10

Outer

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6
Q

Spiral ganglia project primarily to (ipsi/contra)-lateral (X).

A

Ipsilateral;

X = cochlear nucleus

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7
Q

Cochlear nuclei neurons project primarily to (ipsi/contra)-lateral (X).

A

Contralateral (mainly) and ipsilateral;

X = superior olive

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8
Q

“Trapezoid body” refers to:

A

Bundles of crossing axons, projecting from cochlear nuclei to contralateral superior olives

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9
Q

Although most input to (X) comes from the (ipsilateral/contralateral) (Y), there are a few axons from cochlear nuclei that project directly to (X). These all travel via (Z).

A

X = inferior colliculus;
Ipsilateral;
Y = superior olive
Z = lateral lemniscus

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10
Q

Bilateral lesion of inferior colliculus will result in:

A

complete deafness

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11
Q

Unilateral lesion of inferior colliculus will prevent (ipsi/contra)-lateral ascending auditory input from reaching cerebral cortex

A

Neither! Inputs cross midline several times before reaching IC

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12
Q

List locations in auditory pathway, before inferior colliculus, where ascending auditory inputs cross midline.

A
  1. trapezoid body

2. nucleus of LL

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13
Q

In ascending auditory pathway, neurons of IC project (ipsilaterally/contralaterally/bilaterally) to (X) via (Y).

A

Ipsilaterally;
X = MGN of thalamus
Y = brachium of IC

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14
Q

Bilateral lesion of MGN will result in:

A

Complete deafness

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15
Q

In ascending auditory pathway, neurons of MGN project to (X) via (Y).

A 
X = cerebral cortex
Y = internal capsule
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16
Q

L auditory cortex receives input from (R/L) ear.

A

Both R and L cortices receive input from both R and L ears

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17
Q

(Doral/ventral) cochlear nuclei contain(s) tonotopic maps.

A

Both

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18
Q

Projections to (ipsi/contra/bi)-lateral IC comes from (ventral/dorsal) cochlear nuclei.

A

Ipsi and contralateral;

Dorsal

19
Q

Projections to (ipsi/contra/bi)-lateral superior olivary complex comes from (ventral/dorsal) cochlear nuclei.

A

Bilateral;

Ventral

20
Q

(Dorsal/ventral) cochlear nucleus receives giant synapses called (X) from (Y).

A

Ventral;
X = endbulbs of Held
Y = primary sensory afferents

21
Q

(Dorsal/ventral) cochlear nucleus projects to (X) via giant synapses called (Y).

A

Ventral;
X = SOC
Y = calyceal endings

22
Q

Giant synapses (end bulbs of Held and calcyeal endings) to/from (X) nucleus is important for which reasons?

A

X = ventral cochlear nucleus

  1. Reliability
  2. Speed
23
Q

Key function of Superior olivary complex is (X). It does this by which mechanism(s)?

A

X = detection of localization of sound

  1. Interaural time difference (below 3 KHz)
  2. Interaural level difference (above 3 KHz)
24
Q

The (X) can localize high frequency (above 3 Hz) sound based on (Y) mechanism. This is a result of sound reaching the two ears with difference in (Z).

A 
X = SOC
Y = ILD (inter aural level difference)
Z = intensity
25
Q

The (X) can localize low frequency (below 3 Hz) sound based on (Y) mechanism. This is a result of sound reaching the two ears with difference in (Z).

A 
X = SOC
Y = ITD (interaural time difference)
Z = time
26
Q

Interaural level difference involves excitation of (ipsi/contra/bi)-lateral (X) and inhibition of (ipsi/contra/bi)-lateral (Y).

A

Ipislateral;
X = lateral superior olive AND
Contralateral medial nucleus of trapezoid body;

Contralateral;
Y = lateral superior olive (via MNTB)

27
Q

Medial nucleus of trapezoid body, when receiving (stimulatory/inhibitory) input from (ipsilateral/contralateral) cochlear nuclei, projects (stimulatory/inhibitory) output to (ipsilateral/contralateral) (X).

A 
Stimulatory;
Contralateral;
Inhibitory;
Ipsilateral;
X = LSO
28
Q

The localization of sound that’s 10 Hz is encoded by (absolute/relative) level of (excitation/inhibition) of (X).

A

Relative;
Excitation and inhibition
X = ipsi and contralateral LSOs

29
Q

Interaural time difference involves (X) SO nucleus, which has neurons arranged in (Y) fashion.

A 
X = medial;
Y = medial to lateral
30
Q

Interaural time difference: L cochlear nuclei sends output to (R/L) medial superior olive via (X).

A

Both R and L;
Contralateral output via:
X = trapezoid body

31
Q

In localization of sound based on ITD, the (MSO/LSO) neuron is maximally activated when:

A

MSO;

Coincident synaptic input reaches neuron from both ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear nuclei

32
Q

(X) is an obligatory relay of ascending auditory inputs.

A

X = IC and MGN

33
Q

Ascending auditory pathway: Some (X) neurons send axons across midline to contralateral (X) via commissure of (X).

A

X = IC

34
Q

Ascending auditory pathway: IC projects to (ipsilateral/contralateral) (X) via (Y).

A

Ipsilateral;
X = MGN;
Y = brachium of IC

35
Q

At (X), there is convergence of binaural inputs, producing topographic map of auditory space.

A

X = IC

36
Q

In ascending auditory pathway, the (X) plays role in encoding complex sounds of speech.

A

X = MGN

37
Q

Descending input to MGN from (X) cortex functions to:

A

X = auditory;

select/control ascending input

38
Q

Primary auditory cortex is also called:

A

A1 or Brodmann’s area 41

39
Q

Primary auditory cortex (above/below) secondary auditory cortex. Both found at which gyrus?

A

Transverse gyrus (of Heschl)

40
Q

(Primary/secondary) auditory cortex organized so rostral end receives sound that are (X). Caudal end receives sounds that are (Y).

A

Primary;
X = low in frequency
Y = high in frequency

41
Q

Sounds that vibrate the very base of the basilar membrane will eventually project to (rostral/caudal/middle) of primary auditory cortex.

A

Caudal

42
Q

The “belt areas”, aka (X), receive more (localized/diffuse) input than primary auditory cortex.

A

X = secondary auditory cortex (or Brodmann’s area 42)

Diffuse

43
Q

Wernicke’s area is located in (primary/secondary) auditory cortex.

A

Secondary

44
Q

(X) is the lowest level of ascending auditory system at which binaural input to the same neuron occurs.

A

X = superior olive

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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