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8th Grade Science > Chapter 14 - Chemical Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Chemical Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

When acids dissolve in water, molecules break apart from the acid to form ______ , which react with the water to form ______

A 
Hydrogen ions (H+)
Hydronium Ions(H3O+)
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2
Q

Acids increase the concentration of ______ when dissolved in water

A

Hydronium (H3O+)

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3
Q

When a base dissolves in water, molecules break apart to form _____

A

Hydroxide ions (HO-)

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4
Q

Bases increase the concentration of ______ when dissolved in water

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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5
Q

Acids have a ______ taste.

A

Sour

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6
Q

Acids have a pH ______

A

Below 7

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7
Q

Acids turn ______ litmus paper ______

A

Blue

Red

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8
Q

Acids corrode with ______ to form ______

A

Metals

Hydrogen gas

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9
Q

Name uses of acids

A

Areas of Industry and homes, including:

  1. Keeps swimming pools free of algae
  2. Stomach acids
  3. Orange juice and lemon juice
  4. Vinegar
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10
Q

Acids (can, cannot) conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Why or why not?

A

Can; hydronium ions are formed when an acid dissolves in water. They can move freely past each other and conduct electric current.

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11
Q

Most acids are ______, meaning they destroy, clothing, body tissue, etc.

A

Corrosive

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12
Q

Bases have a ______ taste

A

Bitter

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13
Q

Bases have a ______ feel

A

Slippery

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14
Q

Bases have a pH ______

A

Above 7

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15
Q

Bases change ______ Litmus paper ______

A

Red

Blue

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16
Q

Solutions of bases (can, cannot) conduct electric current. Why?

A

Solutions of bases increase the number of hydroxide ions in a solution. They can move freely past one another and conduct electric current.

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17
Q

Name 4 uses of bases

A
  1. Soap
  2. Anti-acids
  3. Bleach
  4. Cleaning agents (ammonia)
18
Q

When a base reacts with an acid, a ______ occurs. This forms ______ (a ______ substance) and a ______

A

Neutralization reaction
Water
Neutral
Salt

19
Q

Neutral substances (such as ______) have a pH of ______

A

Water

7

20
Q

When all the molecules of an acid break apart to form hydrogen ions (which will then form hydroium ions)when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ acid.

A

Strong

21
Q

When only a few the molecules of an acid break apart to form hydrogen ions (which will then form hydroium ions)when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ acid.

A

Weak

22
Q

When all the molecules of a base break apart to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ base.

A

Strong

23
Q

When only some of the molecules of a base break apart to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ base.

A

Weak

24
Q

The pH scale is a measure of the _____ concentration in a solution

A

Hydronium ion concentration

25
Q

If the hydronium ion concentration of a substance increases, then its pH does what? Why?

A

Decreases - Increasing hydronium concentration makes a substance more acidic, which decreases its pH

26
Q

If the hydronium ion concentration of a substance decreases, then its pH does what? Why?

A

Increase - If the hydronium ion concentration decreases, then the substance is less acidic/more basic, which increases its pH.

27
Q

Substances that change color in the presence of an acid or base are called what?

A

Indicators

28
Q

Ionic compounds contain _____ bonds ( _____)

A

Ionic

An attraction between oppositely charged ions

29
Q

Ionic compounds can be formed by the reaction of a _____ and a _____. Why?

A

Metal
Nonmetal
When electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms, the metal atoms lose an electron, making them positively charged ions. The nonmetal atoms gain an electron, making them negatively charged ions. The attraction between oppositely charged ions form ionic bonds, making it an ionic compound.

30
Q

The molecules of an ionic compound are arranged in a _____ ( _____ pattern)

A

Crystal lattice structure

Repeating

31
Q

Because the molecules of ionic compounds are arranged in a crystal lattice structure, ionic compounds are _____, meaning they _____ when hit

A

Brittle

Break apart

32
Q

_____ bonds are stronger than _____ bonds

A

Ionic

Covalent

33
Q

Ionic compounds have _____ melting and boiling points. Why?

A

High

Strong ionic bond require more energy is needed to separate the molecules

34
Q

Ionic compounds are _____ soluble, so they (can, cannot) dissolve in water easily

A

Highly

Can

35
Q

The solution that forms when an ionic compound is dissolved in water (can, cannot) conduct electric current. Why?

A

Can

Ions are able to move past each other freely when dissolved in water

36
Q

Covalent compounds form when…

A

A group of atoms share electrons

37
Q

Covalent compounds consist of _____ bonds, which are _____ than ionic bonds

A

Covalent

Weaker

38
Q

A covalent compound is made of groups of atoms called _____ ( _____)

A

Molecules

The smallest particle into which a covalently bonded compound can be divided and still be the same compound

39
Q

A covalent compound can be formed by the reaction of a _____ and a _____

A

Nonmetal

Nonmetal

40
Q

Covalent compounds have (high, low) melting points. Why?

A

Low

Weak covalent bonds require less energy needed to separate the molecules.

41
Q

Covalent compounds have (high, low) solubility, meaning they (can, cannot) dissolve in water very well.

A

Low

Cannot

42
Q

Covalent compounds (can, cannot) conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Why?

A

Can
Some covalent compounds such as acids and other ionic solutions form ions that can move freely past each other when dissolved in water.

8th Grade Science (20 decks)

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