Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards
(21 cards)
States of Matter
The physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid
The state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed.
Liquid
The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
Surface Tension
The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface.
Viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow.
Gas
A form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape.
Temperature
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the movement of particles.
Volume
A measure or size of a body or region in three-dimensional space.
Pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface.
Boyle’s Law
The law that states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant.
Charles’s Law
The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant.
Change in state
The change of a substance from one physical state to another.
Melting
The change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy.
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas.
Boiling
The conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
Condensation
The change of a gas to a liquid.
Sublimation
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas.
Endothermic Change
A change that causes energy to be gained by the substance as it changes state.
Exothermic change
A change that causes energy to be removed from the substance as it changes state.
Crystalline Solid
A solid with an orderly, three-dimensional arrangement of particles in a repeating pattern.
Amorphous solid
A solid without a special arrangement of particles.
