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System Screenings I > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 drugs used for Gastric acidity?

A
  1. Antacids
  2. H2 receptor blockers
  3. Proton pump inhibitors
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2
Q

What are the most commonly used drugs?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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3
Q

Which drug blocks the stimulation to secrete acid?

A

H2 receptor blockers

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4
Q

Which drug blocks the direct secretion of acid into the stomach?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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5
Q

What are the types of antacids used?

A
  1. Al, Mg, Ca

2. Hydroxide or carbonate

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6
Q

What drugs would you use to treat episodic minor gastric discomfort from overeating or from certain incompatible foods?

A

Antacid

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7
Q

What are some ADRs of Antacids?

A
  1. Al=constipation
  2. Mg = diarrhea
  3. Acid rebound due to negative feedback loop
  4. May alter metabolism of drugs that rely on acidic stomach
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8
Q

Which drug may have antibacterial actions against H. Pylori?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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9
Q

What are some adverse effects of PPI?

A
  1. Acid rebound

2. osteoporosis

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10
Q

Bacteria thought to cause or potentate gastroduodenal ulcers?

A

H. pylori (treat with antibiotics and/or PPI)

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11
Q

What are some other, not often used, drugs for gastric ulcers

A

Anticholinergics and metoclopramide

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12
Q

Stimulates mucus secretions; helps with GI damage caused by NSAIDs

A

Prostaglandins

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13
Q

Disaccharide; protective effect on mucosa, may cause constipation

A

Sucralfate

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14
Q

How would you want to treat someone with diarrhea?

A
  1. Replace electrolytes

2. Replace fluids

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15
Q

Drugs used for diarrhea that decrease GI motility; may reduce fluid loss; low risk of tolerance and addiction

A

Opioid derivatives (lomitil, imodium)

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16
Q

Drugs used that absorbs irritants from GI tract to reduce diarrhea

A

Absorbents (Kaolin [clay], pectin [fruit], attapulgite)

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17
Q

Drug that stimulates water reabsorption; antibacterial; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis that irritates intestinal lining; used for mild-to-moderate diarrhea

A

Bismuth salicylate (pepto-bisomol); you can overdose if combined with aspirin

18
Q

Drugs used to treat constipation

A

Laxatives (gentle)

cathartics (rapid)

19
Q

What patients often used laxatives and cathartics

A
  1. Prolonged bed rest
  2. SCI
  3. Infrequent or painful bowel movements
  4. Pts who should avoid straining
20
Q

Absorb water and stimulate intestinal motility

A

Bulk-forming laxatives (citrucel, fiber all, metamucil)

21
Q

Draw water to GI tract, increase peristalsis

A

Hyperosmotic (milk of magnesia, epsom salt, miralax)

22
Q

Facilitate entry of water into fecal mass; permit easier defication

A

lubricants and stool softeners (colace

23
Q

Irritant or stimulate GI nerves (cathartic)

A

Stimulant laxatives (castor oil, exlax, purge, Percolace)

24
Q

Induce vomiting

A

Emetics (apomorphine, ipecac)

25
Q

Aid in digestion; main ones contain pancreatic enzymes or bile salts; used for CF and pancreatitis

A

Digestants

26
Q

Decrease nausea and vomiting

A

Antimentics (antihistamines, anticholinergics, D2 blockers, 5-HT3 receptor blockers, cannabinoids)

27
Q

Older drugs for Hep C

A
  1. Riravirn
  2. Interferon

ADR = flu like symptoms and emotional problems

28
Q

Drug for Hep C; generic antiviral drug; treatment length depends on hep c genotype (1 ,4, 5, 6), prior tx, and cirrhosis; 93-99% success for 24 weeks but costs $94.5k or $189k

A

Harvoni (ledipasvir, sorosbuvir, with or without ribavarin)

29
Q

What are some ADRs for Harvoni?

A

Most common: fatigue, headache, weakness

- Heart problems

30
Q

What drugs should you take with food?

A
  1. Antibiotics [cefuroxime and erythromycin]
  2. High cholesterol medication [lovastatin]
  3. Mania medication [lithium]
31
Q

What drugs should you take without food?

A
  1. Antibiotics [Ampicillin, ciprofloxaxin, azitrhomycin, doxycycline or tetracycline]
  2. HTN and heart failure [Captopril]
  3. HIV protease inhibitor [Indinavir]
32
Q

What can happen if you have grapefruit juice with some drugs?

A
  1. it can increase effective drugs 5x

2. can block the enzyme involved with the metabolism of many drugs (doesn’t allow drug to have proper effect)

33
Q

What can happen if you are taking Warfin and have a high protein diet?

A

Causes elevated serum albumin may decrease INR; increased risk of clot

34
Q

What are two dietary things that will effect anti-coagulant drugs)?

A
  1. Dark-green leafy vegetables (antagonize effect of command by competitive inhibition, advisory is to keep intake level)
  2. Cranberry juice (increases half life)
35
Q

What are some cardiac drugs that can be effected by diet?

A
  1. Anti-HT (sodium restricted diet)
  2. Propranolol ( serum level increase with high protein foods)
  3. Paleolitich diets
36
Q

What drug can cause hypertensive crisis if you eat tyramine-containing foods (Matured cheese, red wine, ripe bananas, yogurt, salami)?

A

MAO - I

can get transdermal patch to eliminate food-drug interactions

37
Q

What drug type is associated with glucose intolerance

A

atypical antipsychotic drugs (non-dopamine)

38
Q

When should tetracyclines be taken?

A

1 hour before meal or 2 hours after meal (binds iron and calcium, reducing bioavailability)

39
Q

Should tylenol be taken with food? NSAIDs?

A

No; yes

40
Q

What drugs can be affected by black licorice?

A

anti-HT and anti-arrhythmic medications; may increase BP

System Screenings I (23 decks)

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