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Step1 > First Aid - Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

First Aid - Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoides

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acit

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

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5
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

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8
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class 1B antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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9
Q

Benign Prostatic hyperplasia

A

Alpha 1-antagonists, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

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10
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

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11
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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12
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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13
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIsC

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14
Q

Cadida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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15
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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16
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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17
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid

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18
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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19
Q

Chronic myelogenous leuckemia

A

Imatinib

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20
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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21
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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22
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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24
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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25
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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26
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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27
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

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28
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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29
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

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30
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

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31
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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32
Q

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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33
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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34
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

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35
Q

ER +breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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36
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

37
Q

Haemophilus influenza (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

38
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

39
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

40
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

41
Q

HER2/neu +breast cancer

A

Trastuxzumab

42
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

43
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

44
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

45
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

46
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

47
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

48
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

49
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

50
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

51
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

52
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

53
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

54
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline

55
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, Beta-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, us IV steroids

56
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

57
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis

58
Q

Neisseria memingitidis

A

Pencillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

59
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

61
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

62
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

63
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

64
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients)

65
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

66
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

67
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

68
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

69
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

70
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

71
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

72
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

73
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (increased fetal hemoglobin)

74
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

75
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

76
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

77
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

78
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

79
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

80
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

81
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

82
Q

Tomoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

83
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

84
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

85
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

86
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

87
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

88
Q

Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

89
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

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