Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Logistics > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 4 layers of the gut wall.

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
External muscle layers (2)
Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline the structure of the mucosa in the alimentary tract.

A
  1. Epithelium - simple columnar
  2. Lamina propria - mucosal glands and peyer’s patches
  3. Muscularis mucosae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is present in the submucosa?

A

Glands

Veins, arteries and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 layers of external smooth muscle in the gut wall?

A

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the serosa of the gut wall called and what is it comprised of?

A

Connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium = mesothelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outline major functions of the GI tract.

A
  1. Chemical and physical disruption of food
  2. Food storage
  3. Kills pathogens
  4. Absorb nutrients
  5. Excrete waste material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the properties of saliva?

A
  1. High in calcium
  2. Lipases and amylases - begins digestion
  3. Alkali
  4. Aids swallowing
  5. Protects the mouth
  6. Bacteriostatic (IgA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What innervates the GI tract?

A

Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscle types control the oesophagus?

A

Upper 1/4 - skeletal muscle, voluntary

Lower end- smooth muscle, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What epithelium lines the oesophagus and its characteristics?

A

Stratified squamous non - keratinized epithelium.

Withstands abrasion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Mucus secreting glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the food entering the oesophagus called?

A

Bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is receptive relaxation?

A

Distension of the stomach wall in order to prevent pressure rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

There are 3 layers of smooth muscle in the stomach wall, what are they?

A

Oblique, circular and longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The stomach contains longitudinal ridges, what are these called?

A

Rugae

17
Q

What are some of the functions of the stomach?

A

Chemically (HCl, stomach acid) and physically (churning) disrupt the food.
Secretes acid and proteolytic enzymes
Food store

18
Q

What does the stomach produce?

A

Hypertonic, acidic chyme

19
Q

What classification are gastric glands?

A

Long, straight tubular glands

20
Q

What cells dominate the pit of the gland?

A

Mucus- secreting cells

21
Q

Parietal cells are in gastric glands, what is their function?

A

Secrete H+ ions into the lumen and HCO3- into the capillaries which move it to the surface mucous cells.

22
Q

What do chief cells of the gastric gland secrete?

A

Pepsinogens which are converted into pepsins which hydrolyse proteins.

23
Q

Enteroendocrine cells at the bottom of the gastric gland include G-cells, what do these secrete?

A

Gastric, which stimulates acid secretion.

24
Q

What section of the small intestine has brunner’s glands, what do they do?

A

Duodenum.

They secrete bicarbonate- rich mucus to neutralise the acidic chyme from the stomach.

25
Q

How else does the duodenum neutralise the chyme?

A

Alkali secretions from the pancreas and liver

26
Q

What does the duodenum do to the tonicity of the chyme?

A

Hypertonic to Isotonic by drawing water from ECF.

27
Q

What structures increase the surface area of the small intestine?

A

pilcae circulares
Villi
Microvilli

28
Q

What is absorbed in each of the parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum - Iron
jejumum - fatty acids, amino acids and sugars
Ileum- Vit B12, bile acids and remaining nutrients

29
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

Water and electrolyte absorption

30
Q

What functional role does the large population of bacteria in the colon have?

A
  • synthesises vitamin K, B12, histamine and riboflavin.
  • breakdown of bile acids
  • conversion of bilirubin to non-pigmented metabolites
31
Q

What are crypts of lieberkuhn?

A

Mucus secreting tubular glands between villi.

32
Q

What does bile contain?

A

Water, alkali and bile salts

33
Q

How do paracrine substances contribute to control of the gut?

A

Histamine - controls acid production

Vasoactive substances affect blood flow to gut

34
Q

What 3 endocrine molecules control the gut?

A

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin

35
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Promotes HCl production by parietal cells

36
Q

What does secretin do?

A

Inhibits acid secretion by parietal cells
Stimulates bicarbonate secretion from pancreatic ducts
Promotes bile production by the liver

37
Q

What does cholecystokinin do?

A

promotes release of digestive enzymes from pancreas
Promotes release of bile from the gallbladder
Hunger suppressant

38
Q

Where are plicae circulares and what is their function?

A

Small intestine, increase SA for absorption

39
Q

Which section of the intestine is lined with villi?

A

Small intestine only

Body Logistics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions