Chapter 5

Question 1

Operant

Answer 1

Behavior that operates on the environment to produce a consequence

Question 2

Primary reinforcer

Answer 2

And natural award or reinforcement for a given species such as food or water

Question 3

Stimulus generalization

Answer 3

Responding to certain stimuli and to ones that are similar

Question 4

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 4

Responding to certain stimuli but not ones that are similar

Question 5

Taste aversion

Answer 5

Classically conditioned repulsion to a certain food

Question 6

Biological preparedness

Answer 6

A dog is more likely to be conditioned using a smell than a visual because that’s what they are more biologically prepared to respond to

Question 7

Conditioned reinforcer

Answer 7

A conditioned reinforcer is anything that is paired with a primary reinforcer, often food, in a way that imbues the conditioned reinforcer with the impact of the primary reinforcer. The conditioned reinforcer causes the dog to feel the way they feel about the primary reinforcer.

Question 8

Punishment by application

Answer 8

Punishment by adding something to punish Ex: I stayed out past my curfew so my parents made me watch my little brother every Friday night for a whole month

Question 9

Punishment by removal

Answer 9

Punishment by removing something that is good

Question 10

Shaping

Answer 10

One step at a time teaching a whole concept. Ex: When you train your dog to roll over by first getting them to lay down then turn on their side then turn all the way over

Question 11

Cognitive map

Answer 11

Tolman’s demonstration that there are cognitive processes at work when operantly conditioning an organism

Question 12

Latent learning

Answer 12

You know how to do something you just don’t show it until there is a reason

Question 13

Learned helplessness

Answer 13

If you feel a vocabulary quiz each week you might give up and simply not try to pass them anymore

Question 14

Observational learning

Answer 14

Bandura is credited with this idea - bobo doll experiment

Question 15

Watson

Answer 15

Little Albert experiment

Question 16

Thorndike and skinner created what type of conditioning

Answer 16

Operant conditioning

Question 17

Positive reinforcement

Answer 17

Adding something good

Question 18

Negative reinforcement

Answer 18

Taking away something bad

Question 19

Positive punishment

Answer 19

Adding something bad

Question 20

Taking away something good is known as what type of punishment

Answer 20

Negative punishment

Question 21

Fixed interval

Answer 21

A fixed amount of time musty laps before reinforcement

Question 22

Variable interval

Answer 22

A variable amount of time occurs between reinforcements

Question 23

Fixed ratio

Answer 23

After fixed number of correct responses

Question 24

Variable ratio

Answer 24

Reinforce after a variable number of correct responses

Question 25

Instinctive drift

Answer 25

Behaviors are so build and that there is no changing it