Chapter 7

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

The mental activities involved in acting retaining and using no

Question 2

Concept

Answer 2

A mental category of objects or ideas based on properties they shared

Question 3

Creativity

Answer 3

A group of cognitive processes used to generate useful original and novel ideas or solutions to problems

Question 4

Achievement test

Answer 4

A test designed to measure a person’s level of knowledge and skill accomplishment in a particular area

Question 5

Aptitude test

Answer 5

A test designed to assess a person’s capacity to benefit from education or training

Question 6

Exemplars

Answer 6

Individual instances of a concept or category held in memory

Question 7

Formal concept

Answer 7

A mental category that is formed by learning the rules or features that define it

Question 8

Language

Answer 8

A system for combining arbitrary symbols in a number of meeting statements

Question 9

Mental age

Answer 9

A measurement of intelligence in which an individual mental level is expressed in terms of the average abilities of a given age group

Question 10

Mental sets

Answer 10

The tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past

Question 11

Proto type

Answer 11

The most typical instance of a particular concept

Question 12

Natural concept

Answer 12

And mental category that is formed as a result of every day experiences

Question 13

I Q

Answer 13

A measure of general intelligence derived by comparing an individual score with the scores of others in the same age

Question 14

Reliability

Answer 14

The ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions

Question 15

Thinking

Answer 15

The manipulation of mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions

Question 16

Algorithm

Answer 16

Following all the steps to get a solution

Question 17

Heuristic

Answer 17

Mental shortcuts you have to save you time

Question 18

Functional fixedness

Answer 18

When you don’t realize something else can be used in place of something absent

Question 19

Confirmation bias

Answer 19

Only look for info that supports your belief

Question 20

Believe perseverance

Answer 20

Won’t believe new evidence

Question 21

Availability heuristic

Answer 21

Shark attack vs hippo attack

Question 22

Representative heuristic

Answer 22

Stereotype

Question 23

Hindsight bias

Answer 23

After the fact we could have predicted it

Question 24

Anchoring bias

Answer 24

Focusing too much on irrelevant information

Question 25

Framing

Answer 25

How you were looking at the problem makes a great difference in the outcome

Question 26

Priming

Answer 26

Anything on conscience that changes your decision

Question 27

Over estimation effect

Answer 27

People don’t realize how easy something actually is

Question 28

Fallacy of positive instances

Answer 28

Only pay attention to the times that fit your belief

Question 29

Fluid intelligence

Answer 29

Problem-solving is high when you were young and lowers as you get older

Question 30

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 30

Wisdom and knowledge overtime

Question 31

Divergent intelligence

Answer 31

Using your intelligence to come up with as many answers as possible

Question 32

Convergent intelligence

Answer 32

Narrowing in on one answer only