Flashcards in 57-Acute and Chronic Inflammation Deck (66)
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1
What is inflammation
Localized response to infection and injury
Designed to be protective but can cause tissue damage
2
What are the goals of inflammation
Eliminate cause of injury, necrotic cells and tissue, repair wound
3
What are the signs of inflammation and what causes it
Warm
Red
Pain
Swelling
Vascular changes and leukocyte recruitment
4
What are the sequence of events in inflammatory reaction
macrophages recognize microbes
Trigger vascular and cellular reactions
Bring defense cells to site of infection
5
What are the leukocytes used in inflammation
monocyte
Neutrophils
lymphocyte
6
What do T and B lymphocytes do
antigen specific immune and inflammatory response
7
What do neutrophils do
Kill bacteria, remove dead cells, part of innate immune system and acute inflammatory
8
What do macrophages do
Phagocytic, chronic and acute inflammation
9
What does inflammatory response depend on
Type and intensity of injury
10
Examples of harmful inflammation
Epiglottis-airway obstruction
Meningitis-swelling
Arthritis-joint destruction
11
Acute inflammation
Onset
Cell infiltrate
Tissue injury
Local and systemic signs
Fast, minutes to hours
Neutrophils
Usually mild
Prominent
12
Chronic inflammation
Onset
Cell infiltrate
Tissue injury
Local and systemic signs
Slow, days
Macrophages
Severe and progressive
Less prominent
13
Characteristics of acute inflammation
Vascular changes and edema
rapid
Neutrophils
Innate immune system
NOT ANTIGEN SPECIFIC
14
Functions of acute inflammation
phagocytose and kill bacteria
Remove necrotic tissue
Begin tissue repair process
15
Sequence of events in acute inflammation
Increased blood flows (congestion)
Increased vascular permeability
extravastion and deposit fluid and proteins
Emigration of neutrophils
16
What are the 2 main vascular reactions for acute inflammation
Vasodilator and increased vascular permeability
17
What is congestion
Vascular expansion, increased blood flow
Causes redness and warmth
18
how is exudate formed
Increased vascular permeability
Movement of protein rich fluid out of vessel
Causes increased osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid so more water moves into tissues
19
How is transudate formed
Increased hydrostatic pressure from reduced venous return
20
What is edema
Fluid accumulation in tissue/extravascular
21
What are exudates
High protein, high specific gravity, inflammatory
22
What are transudates
Low protein, low specific gravity, non inflammatory
23
Edema from increased pressure
Transudate, low protein, from congestive heart failure
24
Consequences of edema
Depends on location
Leg-little effect
Larynx-asphyxia
Brain-herniation
Lung-hypoxia
25
Types of exudates
Serous
fibrinous
sanguineous
purulent
26
What is serous exudate
Fluid with no inflammatory cells
Skin blister between epidermis and dermis
27
What is fibrinous exudate
Fibrin
Inflammation of lining of body cavities, vascular dilation and congestion
28
What is sanguineous exudate
bloody
29
What is prudent exudate
Pus, contains neutrophils
30
