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Biopsychology 316 > Exam 1 - 1/5, 1/10 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - 1/5, 1/10 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ – the study of the nervous system

A

Neuroscience

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2
Q

_________ - the study of the relationships between behavior and the body, particularly the brain

A

Biopsychology

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3
Q

Biopsychology - the study of the relationships between _________ and the _________ , particularly the brain

A
  • behavior

- body

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4
Q

_________- The study of the biological processes underlying behavior and mental processes

A

Biopsychology

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5
Q

_________- what happens to the brain when someone learns something or becomes addicted to a drug

A

Biopsychology

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6
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

A major goal of biopsychology is to improve the health of _________ and other animals

A

humans

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7
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

One in five people will suffer from a _________ or psychiatric disorder

A

neurological

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8
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia (___ million in the US),
Alzheimer’s (5.3 million), depression (___ million),
drug abuse (15 million)

A
  • 1.5

- 10

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9
Q

All psychological processes are based on _________ processes, many of which occur in the _________

A
  • biological

- brain

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10
Q

Biopsychology = the study of the biological processes underlying _________ and mental processes

A

behavior

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11
Q

_________ is a description of the things the brain does

A

Mind

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12
Q

mind = _________ activity

A

brain

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13
Q

Stimulation of the brain evokes _________

A

experiences

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14
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

_________-
A proposed mechanism for how something works

A

Models

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15
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

_________ -
Test theories and models by direct observation and experimental manipulation rather than using intuition

A

Empirical analysis

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16
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Empirical analysis -
Test theories and models by direct observation and experimental _________ rather than using _________

A
  • manipulation

- intuition

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17
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Empirical analysis -

  • Experimental conditions are _________ controlled
  • One variable _________ at a time
  • Experimental designs include _________ groups
A
  • tightly
  • manipulated
  • control
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18
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

3 types of analysis -

Make changes in brain and look for changes in _________
–eg, stimulate a particular brain region and look for changes in _________

A
  • behavior

- movement

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19
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

3 types of analysis -

Change _________ and look for changes in the brain
–eg, present a visual stimulus and look for _________ changes in the brain

A
  • behavior

- activity

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20
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

3 types of analysis -

Look for correlations between differences in _________ and differences in the brain
–eg, brain _________ and intelligence

A
  • behavior

- size

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21
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Studies require looking at or altering the brain
-Brain imaging techniques to look at the human brain (eg, functional ___, ___ scans)

A
  • MRI

- PET

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22
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

-Ethics of research studies-

_________ : Institutional review boards (IRB)

A

Humans

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23
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

-Ethics of research studies-

_________ : University Committee on Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA)

A

Animals

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24
Q

Humans have ___ pairs of chromosomes

A

23

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25
Q

Humans have ___ pairs of chromosomes – ___ total chromosomes

A
  • 23

- 46

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26
Q

Humans have ___ chromosomes from mother and ___ from father

A
  • 23

- 23

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27
Q

Humans have ___ chromosome of each ____ from mother, other from father

A
  • 1

- pair

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28
Q

chromosomes are _________ lengths except within the pairs they are the _________ length

A
  • different

- same

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29
Q

chromosomes are different lengths except within the pairs they are the same length, exception is the XY (sex) chromosome pair, they are _________ lengths

A

different

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30
Q

_________ – found on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells

A

Genes

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31
Q

Genes – found on chromosomes in the _________ of cells

A

nucleus

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32
Q

_________ – biological unit that directs cellular processes and transmits inherited characteristics

A

Gene

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33
Q

Gene – biological unit that directs _________ processes and transmits _________ characteristics

A
  • cellular

- inherited

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34
Q

Genes are made of _________ acid (DNA)

A

deoxyribonucleic

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35
Q

Genes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

- _________ for making proteins

A

Instructions

36
Q

Genes for a particular function located at same place on both _________

A

chromosomes

37
Q

Different forms of the gene are called _________

A

alleles

38
Q

_________ alleles on both chromosomes – homozygous for that trait

A

Identical

39
Q

Identical alleles on both chromosomes – _________ for that trait

A

homozygous

40
Q

When alleles are _________ on the two chromosomes – heterozygous for that trait

A

different

41
Q

When alleles are different on the two chromosomes – _________ for that trait

A

heterozygous

42
Q

Two Upper case AA or two lower case aa, alleles = _________

A

homozygous

43
Q

Two different alleles Aa or aA = _________

A

heterozygous

44
Q

_________ – combination of genes (genetic makeup)

A

Genotype

45
Q

Genotype – combination of genes ( _________ makeup)

A

genetic

46
Q

_________ – physical characteristic

A

Phenotype

47
Q

You _________ tell someones Genotype by looking at that person

A

can not

48
Q

You _________ tell someones Phenotype by looking at that person

A

can

49
Q

Alleles can be dominant or _________

A

recessive

50
Q

_________ alleles produce their effects when paired with a _________ allele (e.g., eye color)

A
  • Dominant

- recessive

51
Q

_________ alleles are only expressed when both alleles in the pair are _________

A
  • Recessive

- recessive

52
Q

___ chromosome is shorter than the ___ chromosome

A
  • Y

- X

53
Q

dominant / recessive exception = alleles on the _________ – Y chromosome is shorter so not all alleles are paired

A

sex chromosomes

54
Q

dominant / recessive exception = alleles on the sex chromosomes – Y chromosome is shorter so not all alleles are _________

A

paired

55
Q

___ different genes contribute to eye color

A

8

56
Q

_________ within the iris contribute to eye color

A

melanocytes

57
Q

Multiple genes contribute to most phenotypes – _________

Exception: huntington’s disease

A

polygenic

58
Q

Multiple genes contribute to most _________ – polygenic

Exception: _________

A
  • phenotypes

- huntington’s disease

59
Q

_________ (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)
Technique that allows genes to be easily _________ in different organisms

A
  • CRISPR

- altered

60
Q

Most scientists agree – both _________ and _________ influence the phenotype/trait

A
  • nature

- nurture

61
Q

_________ axon– brings information into a structure

A

Afferent

62
Q

Afferent axon– brings information into a structure (A = _________ )

A

admission

63
Q

_________ axon – carries information away from a structure

A

Efferent

64
Q

Efferent axon – carries information away from a structure (E = _________ )

A

exit

65
Q

_________ neurons (most common)

A

Multipolar

66
Q

_________

  • Many dendrites and a single axon
  • Motor and interneurons
A

Multipolar neurons

67
Q

Multipolar neurons

  • Many dendrites and a single _________
  • Motor and _________
A
  • axon

- interneurons

68
Q

Multipolar neurons

_________ – axons can be very short

A

Interneurons

69
Q

_________ -

Single dendrite at one end of cell body and a single axon at the other

A

Bipolar neurons

70
Q

Bipolar neurons -

Single dendrite at one end of cell _________ and a single _________ at the other

A
  • body

- axon

71
Q

_________ neurons – ear, eye and nose

A

Sensory

72
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  -
Single process (axon) that branches in 2 directions after leaving the cell body
A

Unipolar neurons

73
Q 
Unipolar neurons -
Single process (\_\_\_\_\_\_) that branches in 2 directions after leaving the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • axon

- cell body

74
Q

Sensory (_________) neurons

A

Afferent

75
Q

Motor (_________) neurons

A

Efferent

76
Q

Local anesthetics block _________ channels

A

sodium

77
Q

Local anesthetics block sodium channels

-blocks _________ so no pain messages reach the brain

A

action potentials

78
Q

General anesthetics act by opening ____ channels

A

K+

79
Q

Mutations in ion channels (_________) associated with seizure disorders, deafness, muscle and cardiac diseases

A

channelopathy

80
Q

-Neurotransmitter effects must be terminated-

Neurotransmitter is taken back into presynaptic terminals (_________) and repackaged into _________

A
  • reuptake

- vesicles

81
Q

-Neurotransmitter effects must be terminated-

Broken down chemically in the _________ and then reabsorbed _________

A
  • synaptic cleft

- glial cells

82
Q

_________ - A major inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

83
Q

_________ - A major excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

84
Q

_________ - involved in memory

A

Glutamate

85
Q

• Mimicking neurotransmitters - _________

A

AGONIST

86
Q

• Blocking receptors – _________

A

ANTAGONIST

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

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