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Biopsychology 316 > Exam 4 - 3/23 > Flashcards

Exam 4 - 3/23 Flashcards

1
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

_________ – predominant symptom is paranoia

A

Paranoid

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2
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

_________ - lack of movement, activity, or expression, rigid posture, excessive purposeless activity

A

Catatonic

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3
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

_________ - disorganized speech and behavior, flat or inappropriate _________

A
  • Disorganized

- affect

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4
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

_________ – one episode of schizophrenia but no prominent positive symptoms currently evident (may still have flat affect, eccentric behavior, disorganized speech, or odd beliefs)

A

Residual

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5
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

Residual – one episode of schizophrenia but no prominent _________ symptoms currently evident (may still have flat affect, _________ behavior, disorganized speech, or _________ beliefs)

A
  • positive
  • eccentric
  • odd
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6
Q

Schizophrenia-
-Spectrum disorders

_________ disorder (like schizophrenia but only 1 – 6 months in duration)

A

Schizophreniform

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7
Q

Schizophrenia-
-Spectrum disorders

Schizophreniform disorder (like schizophrenia but only _________ months in duration)

A

1 – 6

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8
Q

\Schizophrenia-
-Spectrum disorders

_________ disorder (schizophrenic symptoms along with major mood disturbance such as depression, mania)

A

Schizoaffective

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9
Q

Schizophrenia-
-Spectrum disorders

Schizoaffective disorder (schizophrenic symptoms along with major _________ disturbance such as depression, _________)

A
  • mood

- mania

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10
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia
Affects men and women almost _________

A

equally

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11
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

Onset in _________ often teens and twenties, _________ often teens and twenties, and forties

A
  • men

- women

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12
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

Prognosis depends on if symptoms are acute or chronic and whether patients respond to _________ medications

A

-antipsychotic

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13
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia-

Acute symptoms which develop quickly respond to treatment better than _________ symptoms that have a gradual onset and persist for a prolonged period

A

chronic

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14
Q

Schizophrenia –

  • Nature vs Nurture
  • -Genetic studies

Increased incidence of schizophrenia in _________ of schizophrenics

A

relatives

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15
Q

Schizophrenia –

  • Nature vs Nurture
  • -Genetic studies

Twin and adoption studies strongly suggest a _________ basis

A

genetic

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16
Q

54% of non-schizophrenic identical twins have _________ disorders

A

spectrum

17
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia is _________ (multiple genes each contribute a small effect)

A

polygenic

18
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

New mutations in _________ may also contribute to schizophrenia - multiple _________ and microduplications in the DNA of schizophrenics

A
  • genes

- microdeletions

19
Q

Both _________ and _________ play a role in schizophrenia

A
  • genes

- environment

20
Q

_________ model – environment + genes _________ threshold for disease to occur

A
  • Vulnerability

- exceed

21
Q

Schizophrenia - causes
-Brain Anomalies

Most consistent changes are enlarged _________ and reduced activity in _________ lobes

A
  • ventricles

- frontal

22
Q

Schizophrenics show a lack of activity in _________ prefrontal cortex during _________ such as the Wisconsin card sorting task

A
  • dorsolateral

- tasks

23
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenics show a lack of activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

  • _________ to this area causes symptoms similar to those of schizophrenia
    • _________ deficiency
A
  • Damage

- Dopamine

24
Q

XXXXXXXXXX

Schizophrenia - causes

May also be due to lack of communication between _________ and prefrontal cortex

A

hippocampus

25
Q

Schizophrenia - causes

Disruptions in connections between frontal lobes and other brain areas may play a role in _________ (language areas) and _________ hallucinations

A
  • auditory

- visual

26
Q

_________ of schizophrenics smoke

A

70 to 80%

27
Q

70 to 80% of schizophrenics smoke

Nicotine increases the function of _________ receptors, increases glutamate release, and increases _________ levels in prefrontal cortex – form of self-medication

A
  • acetylcholine

- dopamine

28
Q

70 to 80% of schizophrenics smoke

Nicotine increases the function of acetylcholine receptors, increases _________ release, and increases dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex – form of _________

A
  • glutamate

- self-medication

29
Q

Schizophrenia – Causes

_________ -
Increase risk in individuals who already have a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia

A

Prenatal factors

30
Q

Schizophrenia – Causes

Greater concordance between identical twins who shared a _________ than those who did not – suggests an _________ may be responsible

A
  • placenta

- infection

31
Q

Schizophrenia – Causes
-Prenatal factors

_________ – more schizophrenics are born during the winter and spring than at other times of year

A

-Winter birth effect

32
Q

Schizophrenia – Causes
-Prenatal factors

--Winter birth effect
Second trimester (months 4 – 6) for these children is in fall or early winter when high incidence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  disease
A

infectious

33
Q

Schizophrenia – Causes
-Prenatal factors

–Winter birth effect

Viral infections in mother at this time, especially _________ , increases risk of schizophrenia

A

influenza

34
Q

Seven fold increase in risk for schizophrenia and related disorders when mothers tested positive for _________ antibodies

A

influenza

35
Q
  • LAST CARD -

Association between starvation during pregnancy and incidence of _________

A

schizophrenia

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

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