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Biopsychology 316 > Exam 5 - 4/11 > Flashcards

Exam 5 - 4/11 Flashcards

1
Q

Intellectual Disability -

American Psychiatric Association criteria of intellectual disability based on IQ < ___ and difficulty dealing with routine needs such as _________

A
  • 70

- self-care

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2
Q

Intellectual Disability -

A limitation in intellectual functioning and in _________ behavior

A

adaptive

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3
Q

Intellectual Disability -

Severity:

  • Mild
  • _________
  • Severe
  • _________
A
  • Moderate

- Profound

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4
Q

Intellectual Disability -

Deficits are based on adaptive functioning not IQ scores:

  • Communication
  • _________
  • Social participation
  • _________ functioning
A
  • Independence

- Occupational

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5
Q

Intellectual Disability -

Deficits are based on adaptive functioning not _________ scores:

A

IQ

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6
Q

Intellectual disability -

Definition of intellectual disability depends on _________ and situation

-Could function well in a _________ environment

A
  • culture

- simpler

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7
Q

Intellectual disability -

Disability is due to both _________ and _________ influences

A
  • genetic

- environmental

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8
Q

Intellectual disability -

_________ genes linked to mild disability – each gene has a small influence but effects of genes are _________

A
  • Four

- cumulative

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9
Q

Intellectual disability -

More than _________ physical disorders that cause intellectual disability – account for 25% of cases

A

200

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10
Q

Intellectual disability -

Maternal _________ is the leading cause of intellectual disability – _________ alcohol syndrome

A
  • alcoholism

- fetal

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11
Q

Down syndrome-

Most common _________ cause of intellectual disability

A

genetic

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12
Q

_________ -

Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome

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13
Q

Down syndrome-

Caused by three copies of chromosome ___ (trisomy)

A

21

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14
Q

_________ -

IQ typically 40 – 55

A

Down syndrome

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15
Q

Down syndrome-

All Down syndrome individuals develop amyloid _________ and Alzheimer’s if live to age ___

A
  • plaques

- 50

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16
Q

Phenylketonuria-

Inability to metabolize _________, an amino acid

A

phenylalanine

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17
Q

Phenylketonuria-

Excess phenylalanine interferes with _________

A

myelination

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18
Q

Phenylketonuria-

Can cause profound _________ disability

A

intellectual

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19
Q

Phenylketonuria-

Newborns tested for levels of _________

A

phenylalanine

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20
Q

Phenylketonuria-

Controlled by _________ modification – eg, avoid aspartame which is high in phenylalanine

A

-diet

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21
Q

_________ -

Increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral ventricles of brain crush surrounding tissue leading to intellectual disability in some but not all individuals

A

Hydrocephalus

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22
Q

Hydrocephalus -

Increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral _________ of brain crush surrounding tissue leading to _________ disability in some but not all individuals

A
  • ventricles

- intellectual

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23
Q

Hydrocephalus -

Increased volume of _________ fluid in cerebral ventricles of brain crush surrounding tissue leading to intellectual disability in some but not all _________

A
  • cerebrospinal

- individuals

24
Q

_________ – includes early infantile autism, childhood autism, pervasive development disorder, and Asperger’s disorder etc.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

25
Q

Autism -

Persistent deficits in social _________ and social interaction across _________ contexts

A
  • communication

- multiple

26
Q

Autism -

Restricted, repetitive patterns of _________, interests, or _________

A
  • behavior

- activities

27
Q

Autism -

Symptoms must be present in the _________ development period

A

early

28
Q

Autism -

Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, _________, or other important areas of _________ functioning

A
  • occupational

- current

29
Q

Autism -

These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual _________ or global development delay

A

disability

30
Q

Autism -

Includes _________ impairment, compulsive, ritualistic behavior (rocking, flapping, head banging) as well as _________ disability

A
  • social

- intellectual

31
Q

Autism -

Includes social impairment, _________, ritualistic behavior (rocking, _________, head banging) as well as intellectual disability

A
  • compulsive

- flapping

32
Q

Autism -

86% of children with _________ intellectual disability are autistic and 42% of _________ affected children are autistic

A
  • profound

- severely

33
Q

Autism -

_________ or impaired language development, often repeat what others say, obsessive interest in facts, prefer to be _________, treat other people as objects (walk over them)

A
  • Mute

- alone

34
Q

Autism -

Mute or impaired language development, often _________ what others say, obsessive interest in facts, prefer to be alone, treat other people as _________ (walk over them)

A
  • repeat

- objects

35
Q

Autistic individuals do not _________ with other people, infer what others are thinking (theory of mind), and do not form strong _________ bonds – could be due to a malfunction in the activity of mirror neurons

A
  • empathize

- social

36
Q

Autistic individuals do not empathize with other people, infer what others are _________ (theory of mind), and do not form strong social bonds – could be due to a malfunction in the activity of _________ neurons

A
  • thinking

- mirror

37
Q

Autistic individuals do not show _________ activity when watching other people

A

mirror neuron

38
Q

Mirror neurons are active when we perform a task but also when we see _________ perform the same task

A

someone else

39
Q

Mirror neurons are important for understanding other people, identifying with them, and imitating them – mentally _________ other people’s behavior may give us insight to their thoughts

A

mimicking

40
Q

Autism -

Apparent increase in incidence of autism likely due to increased _________ of disorder rather than actually increase in cases

A

diagnosis

41
Q

_________ – very similar to autism but language, cognitive development and self-help skills more normal

A

Asperger’s syndrome

42
Q

Asperger’s syndrome – very similar to autism but language, _________ development and self-help skills more _________

A
  • cognitive

- normal

43
Q

Autistic savants – have isolated _________ abilities but overall functioning is _________

A
  • exceptional

- impaired

44
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Across individuals, no consistent _________ in brain abnormalities

A

pattern

45
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Anomalies in brain stem, _________, and temporal lobes

A

cerebellum

46
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Unusual patterns and _________ of brain activity

A

timing

47
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Controversy over role of vaccines containing mercury in autism

  • Correlation between _________ of vaccines and onset of autism
  • Evidence does not support a link between _________ and autism
A
  • timing

- vaccines

48
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Controversy over role of vaccines containing mercury in autism

  • Correlation between timing of vaccines and onset of _________
  • Evidence _________ support a link between vaccines and autism
A
  • autism

- does not

49
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Autoimmune reaction-

Autistic children have brain _________ that affect neurons and myelin – autopsies of autistic individuals have found increased levels of _________ and microglia in the brain suggesting increased immune activity

A
  • autoantibodies

- astroglia

50
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Autoimmune reaction-

Autistic children have brain autoantibodies that affect neurons and _________ – autopsies of autistic individuals have found increased levels of astroglia and microglia in the brain suggesting _________ immune activity

A
  • myelin

- increased

51
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Levels of serotonin-
Increasing _________ activity (e.g., antidepressant drugs) improve some autistic symptoms in adults

A

serotonin

52
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Levels of oxytocin are _________ than normal

  • Intravenous infusions of oxytocin reduced the number and severity of repetitive behavior
  • May improve _________ interaction
A
  • lower

- social

53
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Levels of oxytocin are lower than normal

  • Intravenous infusions of _________ reduced the number and severity of _________ behavior
  • May improve social interaction
A
  • oxytocin

- repetitive

54
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Genetic influences-
Risk of autism in an identical twin is ___% but many twins without autism still have social and cognitive _________

A
  • 60

- impairments

55
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Genetic influences-
_________ twins have a 10% concordance

A

Fraternal

56
Q

Autism – Biological Bases

Genetic influences-
Autism is likely to be _________ so severity depends on how many genes inherited – _________ also show mild social and cognitive abnormalities

A
  • polygenic

- parents

57
Q
  • LAST CARD -

Autism – Biological Bases

Genetic influences-
More common (4 times) in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – may be linked to \_\_\_ chromosome
A
  • males

- X

Biopsychology 316 (14 decks)

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