Chapter 2 And Gravity Vocabulary

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

The division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms.

Question 3

Dichotomous Key

Answer 3

An aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions.

Question 4

Archaea

Answer 4

In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes (most of which are known to live in extreme environments) that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell wall; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaebacteria.

Question 5

Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Single-called organisms that do not have a nucleus.

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and that usually reproduce by cell division; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Eubacteria.

Question 7

Eukarya

Answer 7

In a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Question 8

Protista

Answer 8

A kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.

Question 9

Protists

Answer 9

Members of the kingdom Protista; single-celled or simple multicellular organisms.

Question 10

Eukaryotes

Answer 10

All organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; belong to the domain Eukarya.

Question 11

Fungi

Answer 11

A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients.

Question 12

Protozoans

Answer 12

Some animal-like protists.

Question 13

Algae

Answer 13

Some plantlike protists.

Question 14

Plantae

Answer 14

A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun’s energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.

Question 15

Animalia

Answer 15

A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment.

Question 16

Species

Answer 16

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring.

Question 17

Name the levels of classification.

Answer 17

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, Organism.

Question 18

Law of Universal Gravitation

Answer 18

States that the force of gravity depends on the product of the masses of the objects divided by the square of the distance between the objects.

Question 19

Gravity

Answer 19

A force of attraction between objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between the objects.