Chapter 8 : Structure and Anatomy

Question 1

Muscles are composed of which tissue types

Answer 1

All 4 main tissue types and are bundled by layers of connective tissue to increase their strength

Question 2

Endomysium

Answer 2

Surrounds individual muscle fibers (cells)

Question 3

Perimysium

Answer 3

Wraps around 10-100 muscle fibers bundling them into a structure called a fascicle

Question 4

Epimysium

Answer 4

Surrounds the entire muscle and connects with the fascia

Question 5

Fascia

Answer 5

Encases the entire muscle and serves as the connection to the periosteum of the bone via the tendon oor aponeurosis

Question 6

Tendon

Answer 6

Cord like structure that connects the muscle to the periosteum of the bone

Question 7

Aponerosis

Answer 7

Sheet like structure that connects the muscle to the periosteum of the bone

Question 8

Muscle cell

Answer 8

each muscle cell is called a muscle fiber

Question 9

Sarcolemma

Answer 9

Cell membrane and a thin coating of polysaccharides with collagen fibers

Question 10

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

Specialized endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases Ca+ for filament binding

Question 11

Transverse or T-tubules

Answer 11

Extension of the sarcolemma that attach and carry impulses to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Sarcoplasm

Answer 12

Specialize cytoplasm that contains large amounts of gycogen for energy

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Muscle fiber has hundreds of mitochondria to provide the energy needed for contraction

Question 14

Myofibrils

Answer 14

Specialized cylindrical organelles that fill in most of the space in the muscle fiber

Question 15

Myofibrils contain

Answer 15

Contractile proteins

Question 16

Actin filament

Answer 16

also known as thin filaments

Question 17

Myosin filament

Answer 17

also known as thick filaments

Question 18

Sarcomere

Answer 18

the functional or contractile units of a muscle fiber that extending between actin attachments

Question 19

Motor Nerve

Answer 19

Nerve that sends “movement” message from the brain to the muscles

Question 20

Motor end plate

Answer 20

region of the muscle fiber that meets with the motor nerve fiber (one per muscle fiber)

Question 21

Nerve Fibers

Answer 21

Projections (axons) of the nerve cell that meet with the muscle fiber and release neurotransmitters (many branches per cell)

Question 22

Neurotransmitter

Answer 22

Chemical translator released by the nerve fiber to communicate the “movement” message to the muscle fiber

Question 23

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 23

ALWAYS the neurotransmitter released for muscle contraction to occur; absorb the motor end plate

Question 24

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 24

Point where the nerve fiber meets up with the motor end plate (don’t actually touch - gap)

Question 25

Synaptic cleft

Answer 25

Gap between the neuron and the muscle fiber