Beetus 5

Question 1

What is a major growing problem with young people?

Answer 1

Childhood DM

Question 2

Prevalence of DM II in youth

Answer 2

21% of American youth

Question 3

Group with highest risk for DM II

Answer 3

• american indian

- non-hispanic black youth

Question 4

Childhood DM II: More likely to have this in the urine than DM I

Answer 4

Protein

Question 5

Childhood DM: Why is protein in the urine worrisome?

Answer 5

• suggests kidney pathology has already begun

- at increased risk of kidney failure

Question 6

Childhood DM: cardiovascular

Answer 6

• Early indications of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

- increased risk for future cardiovascular disease

Question 7

Monitoring equipment for blood glucose

Answer 7

• lance
• test strips
• electronic monitor

Question 8

Monitoring blood glucose: testing procedure

Answer 8

• wash and dry hand well
• lance fingertip with spring lance
• insert test strip into monitor device
• place drop of blood on test strip and wait for recording

Question 9

Blood glucose: normal random (casual) test values

Answer 9

70-140 mg/dL

Varies according to time of last meal

Question 10

Acceptable values for diabetic pts determined by ____ and vary according to:

Answer 10

• physician/PCP

- vary according to age, meds, etc

Question 11

Fasting glucose: women

Answer 11

Under 40 mg/dL

Question 12

Fasting glucose: men

Answer 12

Under 50 mg/dL

Question 13

Low values of fasting glucose (men under 50, women under 40) are accompanied by sx of ________. What does this mean for exercise?

Answer 13

• hypoglycemia

- This is too low, do NOT exercise. Phone the PCP

Question 14

S/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 14

• pallor
• perspiration
• piloerection
• tachycardia
• nervousness, irritability
• shakiness, trembling

Question 15

CNS s/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 15

• confusion
• emotionally labile
• thickened speech
• coma
• convulsion

Question 16

If the body has insufficient insulin, what happens?

Answer 16

• Body can’t use glucose

- Begins to break down fat

Question 17

What are s/s of DKA?

Answer 17

• High blood sugar
• weak, rapid pulse
• Kussmaul’s breathing
• Stupor progressing to coma
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Acetone breath

Question 18

What is Kussmaul’s breathing?

Answer 18

Deep, labored

Question 19

Medical mgmt of DM I: primary tx methods

Answer 19

• insulin
• diet
• exercise

Question 20

First approach to medical mgmt of DM II

Answer 20

• diet

- exercise

Question 21

What can often reverse the hyperglycemia of DM II?

Answer 21

• weight loss

- diet

Question 22

When WL and diet are insufficient to control hyperglycemia, what must be done for DM II pts?

Answer 22

Oral hypoglycemic drugs used to lower blood glucose levels

Question 23

How many classes of commonly used hypoglycemic drugs?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

What is the single most prescribed of the antihyperglycemic agents?

Answer 24

Metformin

Used in ~ 80% of cases

Question 25

Metformin aka

Answer 25

• glucophage

- riomet

Question 26

Types of insulin are classified by

Answer 26

• speed of absorption

- length of effect

Question 27

Types of insulin (categories)

Answer 27

• rapid acting
• intermediate acting
• long-acting
• insulin mixtures

Question 28

Is insulin always used in DM I?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

When is insulin needed for DM II pts?

Answer 29

• if BG levels can’t be adequately controlled by oral anti-diabetic drugs because insulin needs to be injected
• used to supplement oral meds

Question 30

Insulin pump: what are the types?

Answer 30

• open loop

- closed loop

Question 31

Open loop insulin pump

Answer 31

Current form where testing of blood is necessary

Question 32

Closed loop insulin pump

Answer 32

Machine tests blood and doses automatically

Question 33

Other methods of artificial pancreas

Answer 33

• bioengineering (biocompatible beta cells)

- gene therapy (DNA production of insulin-producing cells)